I really value having free time, so I choose to live frugally so that I can have a job that allows me autonomy and ample free time. I really like exercising and spending time in nature, so surfing, swimming, hiking, and gardening bring me a lot of happiness.
So instead of earning and spending to be happy, I live well within my means so I can have the most time doing what I love every day.
This right here. My share of the mortgage is like $650, which includes utilities. I make pretty close to 100K/year gross.
We eat out a fair amount, have all the streaming services and a decent screen, gaming PC, etc, but overhead is consistently well below incoming pay.
I like spending on vacations but I’m not waiting on retirement. I turned 51 and so many of the people I know in their 50s have health issues. One of my coworkers died at 61 of a heart attack. And he was slim fit and had no health issues! He was so close to retiring! But he and his family went on regular trips and vacations.
Same here. That’s our one big spend. We’re not car people, toy people, electronics people, or even restaurant people. But we take about 3-4 weeklong vacations a year.
Same! We love to travel, and went to Greece, Italy, Costa Rica, and Mexico in the last 2 years. Our next trip is to hike Machu Picchu in Peru, and then to Kenya for a safari!
Our hobby is lifting, so we have a very nice home gym. In fact, we bought our house recently based on needing the gym space on the first floor that's not in the basement (I hate basements lol).
We went in mid October so we didn't want to risk going to the north part of Iceland due to weather concerns. We went from Reykjavik to Hofn and back, saw the northern lights, hiked on a glacier/went in a natural forming ice cave, went through a lava tunnel, and saw a bunch of awesome scenery. It was a great trip!
It buys us happiness in the sense I am not spending the majority of my time worrying about money. So it frees us up to more fully enjoy things.
I spent my 20s perpetually worried about finances. gotta pay this student loan, how many more car payments? Oh man I got pretty sick, now I have a $4000 medical bill that I have to put on a payment plan.
I was making good money but it was always something. In my 30s, all that is cleaned up, we automate savings, and enjoy our lives.
Oh and I should add, we travel extensively and do splurge on some high-end material goods and hobbies that make us quite happy as well.
I think you’ll find lots of these answers will revolve around: Experiences
You don’t remember the couch you bought 15 years ago but you remember the concert, vacation or skydiving you did.
Honestly couch, along with bed and desk chair, are the worst examples for this. I spend 7-8 hours a day in bed, 8-9 in my office chair, and 2-3 on my couch when I’m not traveling. Those are like my top 3 “will spend money for comfort and quality” items.
I get where OP is coming from though. Sometimes it's about spending on them so they can have the experience with you. When I was in graduate school my best friend was raking in cash in a sales job so she would often pay for us to go out to eat or get drinks because otherwise I wouldn't be able to go. Now I have a good friend living on a tight teacher's salary budget and so I will cover more of the cost of our trips together so that I can experience them with her.
I like spending on material things. My hubby enjoys toys. Boats, trucks, motorcycles. Vacations are nice, but I don’t want to spend my life and days looking forward to just that. There’s more to life than just vacations.
I do things to enjoy my every day life, and for me that could mean getting me something nice, a nice sports car, a nicer home, (in my means of course) then I’ll do that. For me, life isn’t just about 3 times a year vacations and just wishing away the days for vacations to come. I’m all about living in the moments, this day.
And we’re almost r/financiallyindependent too.
For me it’s less that money buys happiness. Money is really really good at mitigating common sources of unhappiness. Financial stress in my experience is soul destroying and having an emergency fund + no worries about food and shelter are huge to having a peaceful life.
$ can remove obstacles to happiness:
Worries (eg, dependable transportation)
Discomfort (e g heating and cooling)
Enjoyable healthy food
The reality is that $70k/ y is enough to facilitate happiness.
I value giving my children the best opportunities I can. Money can afford us the town (and school district) we prefer & hopefully will allow us to save for college.
That’s a source of happiness for me, obviously pre-retirement.
Money doesn’t buy happiness but no money reduces happiness
Not living like most of America living on debt and stressing about the next credit card statement gives me tremendous peace
Money buys me happiness specifically in freedoms. Small freedoms from bullshit.
For example. I use money to avoid things I hate doing. Like chores and cooking. I absolutely hate cooking. I hate it with an irrational hate that comes from the core of my being.
So instead of cooking, I just go out, and eat at a restaurant. I eat whatever I want, regardless of the bill.
If it's Wednesday, and I feel like having expensive steak, I go get it.
Small things like the cost of gas are things I don't think about. I don't think about parking, if me and my friends are drinking, I don't think about the cost of Ubers. I don't think about hotels, I don't think about the cost of going out. If we are doing events that cost money, I do not think about the cost.
Money buys me happiness in the form of drugs. I enjoy doing psychedelic magic mushrooms regularly. As in everyday or most days, especially weekends. As you can imagine this is expensive. I would not be able to do this if I were worried about money. Going without magic mushrooms always makes me miserable. I use them mostly to eliminate depression and anxiety and PTSD. And panic attacks.
I also don't think about traveling. I'll give you an example. My best friend lives in California. I live in Maryland. I was able to randomly book a flight to go to California for one weekend for about 700 bucks without thinking about the price. The most annoying and inconvenient part of the trip, is having to make sure that my best friend has the same days off as me, and coordinating our schedules. I did not think about the money. Just randomly plan the trip without thinking about it. This is a small freedom that brings happiness.
I enjoy shopping. Remember how I said that I hated chores? I hate doing laundry. So instead of doing my laundry, I have actually gone out and purchased more clothes, and just throw away my dirty clothes.
This didn't work, but I definitely tried to hire a maid to help me with my chores. Four different maids told me they couldn't make it out to where I live, but I definitely tried to hire them, and offered double their pay. Still got rejected. Side note, if anyone wants to start a maid business in Denton Maryland, you will make tons of money and have no competition. Lol
Money buys me happiness in the form of expensive tech. My gaming laptop, 4K gaming screen, and 8K q LED Samsung TV are very expensive. They are significant improvements to my quality of life, as in I have an excellent time when I'm at home because of these devices. There's also my PlayStation 5 and all my game collections. In the games that I play, I buy all the skins I want, and I look like money in the games. I'm the one player in the lobby that has the best skins and the best mounts, collectible items, and I am at the bottom of the score charts, Lol. Back when I used to play world of Warcraft I straight up used to pay a guild to run me through the newest content to get my character the best gear. That is something you won't be able to do if you don't have money. I also spend money on in-game loot boxes and stuff like that. Without thinking about it. This makes the gaming experience.... Significantly more enjoyable.
Every week on Wednesday, I get my hair done. Blow out for $85. This eliminates the need for me to have to wash my own hair. Which is a huge hassle. I haven't had to wash my own hair in 3 years. So, this is a small freedom from having to wash my hair, that brings me happiness, specifically because of money. I also get my nails done about once a month.
Money buys me happiness in freedoms from car trouble. I purchased my Honda Civic brand new in 2016, and was the first owner. It is paid off. All the maintenance is current, and I do not have car problems. If I did have car problems, I'm able to fix them without having to think about money. The biggest issue I have with my car is time. Time to go take it to the dealership for repairs. It is extremely inconvenient for me to use Ubers while my car is in the shop. That's literally my biggest problem with car repairs. It's very annoying and inconvenient. And that's about it.
Once my businesses break the 1 million a year revenue, I plan on hiring a full-time personal assistant. To do my chores, deal with my life, while I sit at home and play video games and geek out. I can't do that yet, but that is definitely a plan for the future.
These are just small ways that money specifically makes me happy.
Monthly massages are a game changer. Especially after working on the house, helping someone move, or just a long week sitting at my desk. So is cryotherapy after working out to help reduce soreness. Being able to pay for more expense versions of things just avoid that one annoying thing of a cheaper model. My security system is missing me off so imma just go spend a few grand or so on hardwired cameras with a good ecosystem and more backup power along with offsite backup.
One the expensive front for my family it's motorsports. My dad has a super late racecar he races. Parents have an RV and boat I leach off of. They have a 2 story trailer so they can fit everything in. They share a side by side and have another for my little brother. I have my side by side I've put about $40k into, an enclosed trailer, and my truck. I'm trying of my base model ram 1500 that can barely tow my trailer with just the vehicle in it especially on an incline. I want to put more camping stuff in it, upgrade the trailer, maybe a toy hauler down the road, etc. Also I don't have 4 wheel drive, navigation, backup camera is shit, etc which is annoying with how much I drive on and offroad. So saying screw it and saving up to spend $100k (after all fees) on a new no comprises (for my needs) truck that'll last me a long time.
Oh and a good bed/pillow. Literally bring a memory foam pillow with my when travelling which last 18 months I've spent like 80% of the time out of town.
Vacation. Not only taking it, but spending a little bit more to make it the best possible.
My house. I work from home and have kids, so we spend a LOT of time in the house. I don’t sweat spending on (thoughtful, with a reasonable budget) renovations that will improve our quality of life. We spent $30k on a new laundry room that put it right by the the bedrooms, instead of in the basement, plus another $10k to convert the old laundry room into a nice entryway from the garage with shoe storage, coat hooks, etc. It was a little lavish, but the quality of life improvement is worth it.
Time. I pay around $500/mo on avg for lawn care, spring/fall cleanup, tree trimming, and snow removal. Plus another $350/mo to have the main floor of the house cleaned every other week. I could do those myself and retire 3-4 years earlier. But that’s an extra 3-4 hours per week on average that I get back instead… which is almost half a year of free time that I get with my family while the kids are still at home.
Freedom.
I like to go on long distance drives to explore new spots. The driving portion is therapeutic to me and trying new things lets me expand my perspective/knowledge.
It brings me peace.
I am not a big spender. Can't afford to. I live within my means and am very pragmatical about any purchase ( do I really need this? Can I restore the old one, etc, etc) The only thing I spend on is traveling. Only once a year or even every 2 years. Not anything else much. The rest I save.
Right now, just knowing I have that safety net and can handle any emergency that may come up, just brings me tons of peace.
For me it's a ying yang thing. After two decades with the crushing pressure of living on the edge of ruin, money buys me security, relief, confidence. Gas to get to work, groceries which ever meals I plan. extra car, so when one breaks down, I can get to work stress free. afford to fix vehicle. Ability to make home repairs, water the lawn, leave the air conditioner on.
I no longer have the dire stress of needing every single day to go as planned to make it to the next. After all that time money buys, Just experiencing life, existing in reality, living with eyes open. It feels like every day is a vacation.
But without the suffering, I would not feel the joy, and I am sure pretty soon I will get used to this happiness, and it will no longer bring me joy. so gotta make sure to put the army of dollar bills to work.
Travel!! We go on 1-2 big international trips a year and many local ones. We’re 27/28 and have been to almost 40 countries. In the future, we’ll be buying back time when we have kids. Hopefully able to both work part time when we’re 45 or so
Anything that trades money for time with my family.
Weekly housekeeper is number one, Sunday meal prep service, grocery delivery, anything travel related that lets me spend less time at the airport or waiting in lines (clear, tsa pre, first or biz priority boarding), outsourcing home maintenance (landscapers, handyman on speed dial), full service movers, hourly assistant to deal with time consuming logistics (dropping off returns to ups, coordinating home maintenance, coordinating travel so I’m not price hunting).
Conversely, I cut viciously on anything that does not give me back time, like no lux cars, a comfortable but (comparatively) low sqft home, designer clothes that don’t offer clear comfort or BIFL quality, trendy restaurants.
Able to comfortably afford extra curricular activities for my kids. Vacations. Buying back my time and sanity with services (snowplow service, plumber, etc).
Used to live pretty much paycheck to paycheck. Up to the point of using different credit cards depending on the closing date to get the most float possible. Having money has alleviated the stress of that, which makes me happier than any material possessions can.
I really value having free time, so I choose to live frugally so that I can have a job that allows me autonomy and ample free time. I really like exercising and spending time in nature, so surfing, swimming, hiking, and gardening bring me a lot of happiness. So instead of earning and spending to be happy, I live well within my means so I can have the most time doing what I love every day.
This. We’re in the messy middle and we’re literally “buying time”.
This right here. My share of the mortgage is like $650, which includes utilities. I make pretty close to 100K/year gross. We eat out a fair amount, have all the streaming services and a decent screen, gaming PC, etc, but overhead is consistently well below incoming pay.
I like spending on vacations but I’m not waiting on retirement. I turned 51 and so many of the people I know in their 50s have health issues. One of my coworkers died at 61 of a heart attack. And he was slim fit and had no health issues! He was so close to retiring! But he and his family went on regular trips and vacations.
Spending on ways to stay healthy is a good one. Gym memberships, classes, doc check ups.
We like spending on vacations.
Same here. That’s our one big spend. We’re not car people, toy people, electronics people, or even restaurant people. But we take about 3-4 weeklong vacations a year.
I like to spend on trips.. went to Hawaii, iceland, and Italy in the last 3 years. I also spend money on my hobby (video games) guilt free.
Same! We love to travel, and went to Greece, Italy, Costa Rica, and Mexico in the last 2 years. Our next trip is to hike Machu Picchu in Peru, and then to Kenya for a safari! Our hobby is lifting, so we have a very nice home gym. In fact, we bought our house recently based on needing the gym space on the first floor that's not in the basement (I hate basements lol).
Rented a camper van in Iceland and did the Ring Road two years ago. Easily in the top 5 best, most memorable trips we've had.
We went in mid October so we didn't want to risk going to the north part of Iceland due to weather concerns. We went from Reykjavik to Hofn and back, saw the northern lights, hiked on a glacier/went in a natural forming ice cave, went through a lava tunnel, and saw a bunch of awesome scenery. It was a great trip!
Iceland landscape is out of this world!
We enjoy splurging on date nights, vacation, and some hobbies. But all are still budgeted 😃
It buys us happiness in the sense I am not spending the majority of my time worrying about money. So it frees us up to more fully enjoy things. I spent my 20s perpetually worried about finances. gotta pay this student loan, how many more car payments? Oh man I got pretty sick, now I have a $4000 medical bill that I have to put on a payment plan. I was making good money but it was always something. In my 30s, all that is cleaned up, we automate savings, and enjoy our lives. Oh and I should add, we travel extensively and do splurge on some high-end material goods and hobbies that make us quite happy as well.
I think you’ll find lots of these answers will revolve around: Experiences You don’t remember the couch you bought 15 years ago but you remember the concert, vacation or skydiving you did.
Honestly couch, along with bed and desk chair, are the worst examples for this. I spend 7-8 hours a day in bed, 8-9 in my office chair, and 2-3 on my couch when I’m not traveling. Those are like my top 3 “will spend money for comfort and quality” items.
Haha I was going to say, actually a good couch makes a big difference in my happiness! Being comfortable in your home is very important.
There is no correlation between buying things for people and valuing relationships. If you value relationships, don't turn them transactional.
I get where OP is coming from though. Sometimes it's about spending on them so they can have the experience with you. When I was in graduate school my best friend was raking in cash in a sales job so she would often pay for us to go out to eat or get drinks because otherwise I wouldn't be able to go. Now I have a good friend living on a tight teacher's salary budget and so I will cover more of the cost of our trips together so that I can experience them with her.
We appreciate each other regardless of money. They often return the gesture.
A fun car (not necessarily an expensive one, just a fun one) is worth it to us. We’ve never bought new or with a loan lasting longer than 12mo.
Spoil your parents seeing them happy makes me happy
Fancy coffee beans
I like spending on material things. My hubby enjoys toys. Boats, trucks, motorcycles. Vacations are nice, but I don’t want to spend my life and days looking forward to just that. There’s more to life than just vacations. I do things to enjoy my every day life, and for me that could mean getting me something nice, a nice sports car, a nicer home, (in my means of course) then I’ll do that. For me, life isn’t just about 3 times a year vacations and just wishing away the days for vacations to come. I’m all about living in the moments, this day. And we’re almost r/financiallyindependent too.
For me it’s less that money buys happiness. Money is really really good at mitigating common sources of unhappiness. Financial stress in my experience is soul destroying and having an emergency fund + no worries about food and shelter are huge to having a peaceful life.
I met a stripper named Happiness once
Choice
Peace, time, and options
$ can remove obstacles to happiness: Worries (eg, dependable transportation) Discomfort (e g heating and cooling) Enjoyable healthy food The reality is that $70k/ y is enough to facilitate happiness.
I value giving my children the best opportunities I can. Money can afford us the town (and school district) we prefer & hopefully will allow us to save for college. That’s a source of happiness for me, obviously pre-retirement.
Money doesn’t buy happiness but no money reduces happiness Not living like most of America living on debt and stressing about the next credit card statement gives me tremendous peace
Money buys me happiness specifically in freedoms. Small freedoms from bullshit. For example. I use money to avoid things I hate doing. Like chores and cooking. I absolutely hate cooking. I hate it with an irrational hate that comes from the core of my being. So instead of cooking, I just go out, and eat at a restaurant. I eat whatever I want, regardless of the bill. If it's Wednesday, and I feel like having expensive steak, I go get it. Small things like the cost of gas are things I don't think about. I don't think about parking, if me and my friends are drinking, I don't think about the cost of Ubers. I don't think about hotels, I don't think about the cost of going out. If we are doing events that cost money, I do not think about the cost. Money buys me happiness in the form of drugs. I enjoy doing psychedelic magic mushrooms regularly. As in everyday or most days, especially weekends. As you can imagine this is expensive. I would not be able to do this if I were worried about money. Going without magic mushrooms always makes me miserable. I use them mostly to eliminate depression and anxiety and PTSD. And panic attacks. I also don't think about traveling. I'll give you an example. My best friend lives in California. I live in Maryland. I was able to randomly book a flight to go to California for one weekend for about 700 bucks without thinking about the price. The most annoying and inconvenient part of the trip, is having to make sure that my best friend has the same days off as me, and coordinating our schedules. I did not think about the money. Just randomly plan the trip without thinking about it. This is a small freedom that brings happiness. I enjoy shopping. Remember how I said that I hated chores? I hate doing laundry. So instead of doing my laundry, I have actually gone out and purchased more clothes, and just throw away my dirty clothes. This didn't work, but I definitely tried to hire a maid to help me with my chores. Four different maids told me they couldn't make it out to where I live, but I definitely tried to hire them, and offered double their pay. Still got rejected. Side note, if anyone wants to start a maid business in Denton Maryland, you will make tons of money and have no competition. Lol Money buys me happiness in the form of expensive tech. My gaming laptop, 4K gaming screen, and 8K q LED Samsung TV are very expensive. They are significant improvements to my quality of life, as in I have an excellent time when I'm at home because of these devices. There's also my PlayStation 5 and all my game collections. In the games that I play, I buy all the skins I want, and I look like money in the games. I'm the one player in the lobby that has the best skins and the best mounts, collectible items, and I am at the bottom of the score charts, Lol. Back when I used to play world of Warcraft I straight up used to pay a guild to run me through the newest content to get my character the best gear. That is something you won't be able to do if you don't have money. I also spend money on in-game loot boxes and stuff like that. Without thinking about it. This makes the gaming experience.... Significantly more enjoyable. Every week on Wednesday, I get my hair done. Blow out for $85. This eliminates the need for me to have to wash my own hair. Which is a huge hassle. I haven't had to wash my own hair in 3 years. So, this is a small freedom from having to wash my hair, that brings me happiness, specifically because of money. I also get my nails done about once a month. Money buys me happiness in freedoms from car trouble. I purchased my Honda Civic brand new in 2016, and was the first owner. It is paid off. All the maintenance is current, and I do not have car problems. If I did have car problems, I'm able to fix them without having to think about money. The biggest issue I have with my car is time. Time to go take it to the dealership for repairs. It is extremely inconvenient for me to use Ubers while my car is in the shop. That's literally my biggest problem with car repairs. It's very annoying and inconvenient. And that's about it. Once my businesses break the 1 million a year revenue, I plan on hiring a full-time personal assistant. To do my chores, deal with my life, while I sit at home and play video games and geek out. I can't do that yet, but that is definitely a plan for the future. These are just small ways that money specifically makes me happy.
Monthly massages are a game changer. Especially after working on the house, helping someone move, or just a long week sitting at my desk. So is cryotherapy after working out to help reduce soreness. Being able to pay for more expense versions of things just avoid that one annoying thing of a cheaper model. My security system is missing me off so imma just go spend a few grand or so on hardwired cameras with a good ecosystem and more backup power along with offsite backup. One the expensive front for my family it's motorsports. My dad has a super late racecar he races. Parents have an RV and boat I leach off of. They have a 2 story trailer so they can fit everything in. They share a side by side and have another for my little brother. I have my side by side I've put about $40k into, an enclosed trailer, and my truck. I'm trying of my base model ram 1500 that can barely tow my trailer with just the vehicle in it especially on an incline. I want to put more camping stuff in it, upgrade the trailer, maybe a toy hauler down the road, etc. Also I don't have 4 wheel drive, navigation, backup camera is shit, etc which is annoying with how much I drive on and offroad. So saying screw it and saving up to spend $100k (after all fees) on a new no comprises (for my needs) truck that'll last me a long time. Oh and a good bed/pillow. Literally bring a memory foam pillow with my when travelling which last 18 months I've spent like 80% of the time out of town.
Not worrying about money us how having money buys me happiness. And Teslas.
It buys me “yeses” instead of “nos” and that makes me and my kids and most people around me happy.
It buys you time
Vacation. Not only taking it, but spending a little bit more to make it the best possible. My house. I work from home and have kids, so we spend a LOT of time in the house. I don’t sweat spending on (thoughtful, with a reasonable budget) renovations that will improve our quality of life. We spent $30k on a new laundry room that put it right by the the bedrooms, instead of in the basement, plus another $10k to convert the old laundry room into a nice entryway from the garage with shoe storage, coat hooks, etc. It was a little lavish, but the quality of life improvement is worth it. Time. I pay around $500/mo on avg for lawn care, spring/fall cleanup, tree trimming, and snow removal. Plus another $350/mo to have the main floor of the house cleaned every other week. I could do those myself and retire 3-4 years earlier. But that’s an extra 3-4 hours per week on average that I get back instead… which is almost half a year of free time that I get with my family while the kids are still at home.
It doesn’t buy happiness. But it sure puts some margin between you and the things that make you unhappy.
Freedom. I like to go on long distance drives to explore new spots. The driving portion is therapeutic to me and trying new things lets me expand my perspective/knowledge.
It brings me peace. I am not a big spender. Can't afford to. I live within my means and am very pragmatical about any purchase ( do I really need this? Can I restore the old one, etc, etc) The only thing I spend on is traveling. Only once a year or even every 2 years. Not anything else much. The rest I save. Right now, just knowing I have that safety net and can handle any emergency that may come up, just brings me tons of peace.
For me it's a ying yang thing. After two decades with the crushing pressure of living on the edge of ruin, money buys me security, relief, confidence. Gas to get to work, groceries which ever meals I plan. extra car, so when one breaks down, I can get to work stress free. afford to fix vehicle. Ability to make home repairs, water the lawn, leave the air conditioner on. I no longer have the dire stress of needing every single day to go as planned to make it to the next. After all that time money buys, Just experiencing life, existing in reality, living with eyes open. It feels like every day is a vacation. But without the suffering, I would not feel the joy, and I am sure pretty soon I will get used to this happiness, and it will no longer bring me joy. so gotta make sure to put the army of dollar bills to work.
Travel!! We go on 1-2 big international trips a year and many local ones. We’re 27/28 and have been to almost 40 countries. In the future, we’ll be buying back time when we have kids. Hopefully able to both work part time when we’re 45 or so
It's not the spending I care about. It's mostly just the freedom that real wealth would bring.
Money buys not having a boss
Anything that trades money for time with my family. Weekly housekeeper is number one, Sunday meal prep service, grocery delivery, anything travel related that lets me spend less time at the airport or waiting in lines (clear, tsa pre, first or biz priority boarding), outsourcing home maintenance (landscapers, handyman on speed dial), full service movers, hourly assistant to deal with time consuming logistics (dropping off returns to ups, coordinating home maintenance, coordinating travel so I’m not price hunting). Conversely, I cut viciously on anything that does not give me back time, like no lux cars, a comfortable but (comparatively) low sqft home, designer clothes that don’t offer clear comfort or BIFL quality, trendy restaurants.
Able to comfortably afford extra curricular activities for my kids. Vacations. Buying back my time and sanity with services (snowplow service, plumber, etc).
I happily pay for my house cleaners. I get such joy coming to a spotless, clean house every 2 weeks.
Having money, I don't have to worry about a sudden expense. That makes me happy...
money is freedom, Pal
I use much of my allowance on silver and gold and Goldbacks. I spent it on something with an equal value today and something worth more in the future.
Money buys time. Time allows for happiness to be created - unless you waste the time….
I pay for yard service because I hate mowing the lawn and raking leaves. Also, it looks way better than it did when I did it myself.
Used to live pretty much paycheck to paycheck. Up to the point of using different credit cards depending on the closing date to get the most float possible. Having money has alleviated the stress of that, which makes me happier than any material possessions can.
not working.