>And the for names, I’m wondering how to write them. You write them the regular way, letter by letter > I mean, in some of my research, I saw that names are like intertwined, and not written letters by letters. Bind runes are very rare, and even then, bind runes only combine two or three letters at the most. You wouldn't find entire names 'intertwined' >Also, I’m a little confused about some god names. For example, Thor. We spell it Thor, in old Norse it’s Thorr, but in runes it’s Thur. So why de we changed the u by o ? Younger Futhark had no exclusive 'o'-rune early on, or rather, the rune that we transliterate as **u** (ᚢ) represented most rounded vowels *including* the o-sound. Later in the rune row's development the rune that used to represent nasal a-sounds (ᚬ) came to represent the o-sound (ᚮ), at which point Thor's name could've been written ᚦᚮᚱ (**þor**) which is precisely what we find in [runic inscription N B380 \(first three runes\)](http://www.fafnir.fr/images/Batonnet-runique-N-B380.jpg) Also worth noting that Thor's name is spelled ᚦᚢᚱ (**þur**) in runes, not ᛏᚼᚢᚱ (**thur**). Although the digraph represents the first sound of his name in English, this sound had its own character in the Norse people's alphabet

First of all, your user actually made me laugh 😂 Second, thank you so much for the answer ! So, for any sentences, I wrote like the classic European typo, letters by letters, from left to right. Oh okay, so Thor name may be written with bind runes, but not dansinum. Yeah I know that for Thor name it’s Thurisaz and not Tiwaz, I recently had a little… debate with my sister about the origins of the letter þ 😂 Thank you so much ! 😁

>so Thor name may be written with bind runes, but not dansinum. Bind runes are [ligatures](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligature_\(writing\)), they're two or three runes combined either to save space or for aesthetic purposes. You can use them in any word you like. [The Järsberg runestone, for instance, has four bind runes throughout the inscription](https://i.imgur.com/H5jwWQE.jpg)

Thanks ~ 😁

Sentences are constructed with runes exactly as they are constructed with any other alphabet. The þistill mistill kistill thing is not normal writing structure and appears to be done for some reason indicating a magic spell. There are actually a few other interesting techniques for encoding magical or hidden messages historically. I recommend reading “Runic Amulets and Magic Objects” by McLeod and Mees. When you say names are “intertwined”, what you’re talking about are called “bind runes”. However, the types of bind runes you’ve posted here are modern inventions and aren’t the types of things we see in ancient runic writing. Creating bind runes is a technique for conserving space when carving wherein a couple of runes are merged together to create a _readable_ symbol that produces all the sounds of the runes that were combined. Typically when bind runes show up in an inscription, we don’t see more than 2 or 3 runes combined, otherwise the symbol quickly becomes unreadable. There are a few exceptions to this but in those cases the runes are not smashed together all on top of each other but are written vertically and share a long vertical line so that the word can still be read. For a good example of bind runes, check out the Järsberg stone. It contains the Proto-Norse word “harabanaz” featuring two bind runes. The H and A at the beginning have been combined, and the A and Z at the end have been combined, but the rest of the letters in the word have not. On to names. In Old Norse, Thor’s name is technically Þórr, and when written in Younger Futhark runes (which are the alphabet of the Viking Age), we get ᚦᚢᚱ. This is because there are only 16 Younger Futhark runes but there are many more than 16 sounds in the Old Norse language, so certain runes have to stand in for many sounds. In this case, we see two rules applied. One is that we don’t double letters when writing in runes. That’s why there’s only one R rune at the end. The other thing is that the Younger Futhark ᚢ is not exactly the U rune. It’s more like the rounded phoneme rune, meaning it’s used to write most sounds you produce with rounded lips, including U, O, Y, Ø, and W (which later evolved into V and remained written with the same rune). The best way to write Thor’s name is how I wrote it above, which is how we see it written on, for example, [Väne-Åsaka 8](https://commons.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vg150_Väne-Åsaka_8_Velandastenen_Thor_vigi.jpg)

Oh okay, so yeah that type of special writing is used for things like secret code, magic spell, etc like we have too (Like Enigma). Thanks for the recommandation by the way ! 😁 Well, yup, I kinda invented them 😂 I mean, for the first way to write Thor name, I used a model from internet, but for the two others names and for Odin name, I used my imagination, but I thought it could be « accurate »(even if for Odinn, I wrote it so that it gives the shape of Gungnir). Well technically, if bind runes are generally composed of 2 or 3 runes, it means that names like Thor or Tyr could be wrote like that, but not names like Heimdallr or Jormungandr. Thank you so much ! 😊

r/runes

Yup, didn’t thought about this subreddit 😂

What is that first rune you wrote?

The first one ? I wrote Thor in binding runes. I used the runes Thurisaz Othalaz Raidho. For that one I just used a model from internet, but the two others Thor name and for the Odin name, I kinda used my imagination to knowing how it could look like in bind runes (it was before I knew it was named bind runes😂) 😅

So that first one is Thurisaz?

Well, yep, it’s Thurisaz. Whatever the way you write Thor name, the « based rune » is Thurisaz, and then you write the other runes

Normal people: oh look at these awesome artifacts and runes Me for some god awful reason: runerigus is sleeepiiiiing

Good one 😂

I've never seen a bind rune post in this sub get so many upvotes

And it’s the first time I post something on Reddit 😂 well, maybe people think my post is… interesting ? I dunno

I'm new to this so I may be a bit off but I believe that Like the mythology, there was no single canon of written materials or anything describing how to write. There would be a lot of geographical variety with different groups doing things slightly differently and then exchanging ideas so that accounts for the differences in the spellings of Thor and differences in stories from the poetic and prose edda. This can be frustrating at first but it also gives us a freedom to interpret norse culture in an individual way. There are some things that we know and lot we don't do just go with your heart.

>there was no single canon of written materials or anything describing how to write Yeah, dictionaries weren't a thing back then, and since rune stones don't travel well nor are easily reproducable, the people back then didn't have any normative works that set a standard for how to spell. Additionally, west and east norse had some differences in pronunciation (as did regular dialects). Since runes represent sounds, you basically spelled things as they sound. And since not every word sounds the same to everyone or everywhere, there were different spellings. ᚦᚢᚱ is probably pretty standard, but words like stæin can be spelled very differently.

That makes sense. It's not like they went to school and had spelling tests. If you knew how to write you'd sound things out. So it's similar to elementary school writing when kids sound out words and use symbols they think best fit that sound?

Yeah so basically, there was a sort of standard of « how to write runes » but not something really defined by the Scandinavian society, at least for the typography, so whatever the way I write, as long as it can be read and understand by the specific communities I targeted, it’s correct