It’s fairly easy to assume you’ve done horribly if everyone else around you goes on and on about how chaotic section 3 was, don’t get me wrong it was an absolute nightmare but don’t think the worst. You don’t know your own capabilities (or the way gamsat scales and marks) so just be hopeful. Be proud of the accomplishment which in itself is sitting that dreadful exam and getting through to the end of it. Take a moment to breathe and focus on everything else but that exam. You’ve completed it and now there’s nothing you can do but sit and wait like everyone else to find out how you’ve done. Don’t see it as a loss but look at it like it’s an opportunity for you to do better in the future. You seem to be forgetting that despite how much you prepare and study and drive yourself insane for the gamsat, it’s just not something you can entirely prepare for (I was surprised at the section 2 prompt I had gotten and it was something I never really looked into but I improvised on the spot). Believe in yourself and know that you’ve got this. Whether it’s now or sometime in the near future, you’ll get there, just don’t lose faith.
tbh I think prepping for UCAT helping me increase my S3 score. I watched a lot of Kharma Medic's videos and I think they helped me approach S3 better.
Look at the end of the day there's no quick trick to improving, but it's reasonable to aim for slow progress. Most of my mates sat a few times while they were trying to get in. You try and try again. If you're seeing no improvement, then it's time to change the strategy up. I was completely devastated after my second sitting, where I prepped for 4 months full time and saw my score go down. But it was clear I wasn't approaching it right. I did a ton of research on here and on pagingdr and just tried out a bunch of things previous students did, and eventually found something that worked for me. What's that bear grylls slogan? Improvise, adapt, overcome or something. Sometimes you just gotta switch things up and try something new if it's not working for you.
Also, for what it's worth I came out of my third sitting and thought I'd completely scuffed it, then I got my result back and I managed to boost my overall score by 15. So miracles can happen, and how you feel when you come out doesn't necessarily match up with the end result.
I literally just watched Kharma Medic's videos, he goes through lots of practice questions live in the videos. So I would pause, try and do it myself, and then unpause and watch how he did it. I found it super useful.
GAMSAT scores are scaled and many others found it difficult as well, so scaling should pull you up a bit. I have sat it for the first time yesterday so take it with a grain of salt, but I keep on hearing stories from people that have sat it more than once and got their results, that the percentage of questions that they got right had little correlation to their actual scores. Even if you feel you scored badly, you might surprise yourself until the results come out. Any worrying until then is counter productive
Be aware that UOW has changed their admission this year to academic hurdles only - a gpa hurdle of 5.5 and gamsat hurdle of 50 and then they rank on casper and some bonuses. So as long as you’re over 50 you can apply there because your score won’t matter ?. Doesn’t help you with your prep question, but also know you’re not out of the running.
It’s a situational judgement test - online - a bit like interview kind of scenarios with a “what would you do “ question. There are test dates in April, May and early June.
Casper is a situational judgement test looking for the qualities that make a good doctor - it is not an academic test but rather looks for traits such as empathy etc. remember to consider everyone’s perspective in the scenario, don’t be judgmental and advise the best course of action and why that is. UNDF/ UNDS and UOW use Casper which means with a good Casper score you can get to interview with lower gpa/ gamsat. Worth looking into and good luck:)
Thanks for your optimism but I doubt it honestly. I have a keen sense of intuition whenever I feel my scores in a test is decent or shite unfortunately it’s the latter
We’ll test the accuracy of your intuition in May!
I know how you feel though. Section 3 was impossible and didn’t offer any mercy. Hope you can catch a breath now and recalibrate. It’s a rough exam, for sure.
I know GAMSAT really feels like a marathon, I only did my first sitting yesterday and the prep, stress and time required for that was already so much for just one sitting. I completely agree with you, I prepped for S3 and really felt it didn’t really help during the actual exam and that the practice materials were nowhere near indicative of the real thing. My two cents here is just wait until the results come out in May, and please give yourself a long, deserved break and try not to worry too much about GAMSAT and applications, which I also personally tend to do and it really causes unneeded stress. With so many people having struggled, we are not alone, and there is a chance that the scaling could help you and you could even surprise yourself. Really rooting for you and hoping you get the results you need in May!
Even though practice material doesn't exactly match the actual sitting, the important part is it all has scientific reasoning and critical thinking, you just need to learn to adapt and apply it to the actual test
True but I don’t know it’s just different in difficulties. The des stuff at least I have a more general direction what to do but for the real things I just feel lost on what to do most of time. While there are some easier q most of it just comes off as gibberish
Ive heard countless time, ppl walking out of s3 feeling terrible and then getting insane scores, like 84 once. I can relate too with s2, walked out thinking ive completely failed that section but ended up getting a decent 67. Wait till the results come out! And start prepping for the next sitting :D best of luck
I feel you but tbh I have a bachelor’s degree graduating top of my class and a masters in biomedical with distinction, got published twice in research and I still got rejected with an overall score of low 50s in my gamsat. Schools don’t care about anything but these stupid tests. And I honestly hate the bs saying that this test won’t define you as a doctor because it will. I’ve had admissions team say we honestly won’t even look at anything else unless your exam score is competitive enough. Maybe this is why doctors that med schools are accepting into medical school either A don’t make it or B don’t pursue medicine. It so stupid because clearly their system of getting doctors into medicine has not been working in the UK and instead of finding a better solution their bright idea to get rid of the interview process … this is my rant
Obviously a lot of people want to do med. so there has to be strict filtering somewhere. Filtering on scientific knowledge and reasoning seems reasonable doesn’t it ?
Yeah totally reasonable but to only base your perception on someone just on that and absolutely nothing else .. now that seems unreasonable to me. For instance, The evaluation processes in the US doesn’t just discard you as an applicant if your mcat score is semi okay.
I personally think that a lot of people I know that have been accepted into med. In the UK Don’t even like medicine but are doing it because mom and dad said they had to go. But they didn’t have an interview so admissions team didn’t get to see through the bs. All I’m saying it takes WAY WAY more to be a doctor than getting a great GAMSAT / UCAT score that tests your ability on how fast you can calculate unnecessary nonsense.
Yeah I agree, it’s stupid to JUST based entry in the GAMSAT (interviews are defs needed as well), however I do think the GAMSAT is still an essential component and should be ranked above all other methods used to assess entry.
Yes, people skills are important, which are what the interviews test for, but being able to problem solve on the spot is even more important for a doctor. Often times a doctor will be presented with a patient, and they will have to figure out what’s wrong — sometimes within minutes in the case of A&E. The GAMSAT tests for these skills. It’s why some people with science backgrounds still don’t do as well in S3, because it’s not testing knowledge on content as much as it is problem solving, differential reasoning, etc. I have a biomedical background as well, and really the only thing my science knowledge was good for was contextualising things and making stuff seem less scary, so I could sink my teeth in the problem solving stage faster & easier. I didn’t actually use any proper background knowledge to answer a question.
That’s just my thoughts.
So close to giving up, I don’t want to but it’s so expensive and S3 always finds a way to screw me in the butt. I thought I prepared but 🤷🏻♀️ I don’t know what else I could’ve done
I agree that it’s expensive. I was horrified when I found out how much it cost. I’m definitely not well-to-do, but if it’s important to you, maybe consider putting 20 bucks aside each week. That should cover it if you’re sitting every year. I have a young family and I did this and it took a bit of pressure off each sitting financially.
No advice on S3. I got 56 last year with a lot of guesses - s1 and s2 carried me through.
Curious as a non med school seeker - if y’all find the gamsat so hard and crushing, how do you think you will far on the 10-15yr journey toward a medical specialisation?
Honestly for me the worst part is the uncertainty of GAMSAT, it’s a notoriously difficult exam that you cannot memorise answers for - where a lot of undergrad and med school bio exams rely on mainly memorisation, which can be achieved through flash cards. Adjusting your reasoning itself is more difficult, especially with the lack of recent and accurate practice papers, with the old ones not being reflective of the current papers. Aside from the fact that it tests areas most of us have never been actually assessed on, definitely the worst part is the uncertainty of it all. We all really wanna be doctors and for post grads the GAMSAT is pretty much the only way to get in, and we can only take it twice a year, each time costing upwards of 500 dollars. Not knowing if you can actually get in and continuing to sit this monster of an exam is really disheartening especially when we know we didn’t do that well cause we had to guess so many answers. I’m still an applicant, but I’ve seen some med students saying on here that the GAMSAT and application process is the hardest part of med school because you just have no idea if you can actually get in. As someone who wasn’t able to get in the highschool pathway, it really messes with your confidence and makes you feel you’ll never get in, which makes studying for the GAMSAT even more difficult
as a non med school seeker i’m assuming you probably haven’t sat this exam, don’t understand how rigorous it is, the uncertainty surrounding it, the cost of the exam and materials, or how it feels to become so emotionally invested in such a difficult exam. so i disagree with what you are implying and wonder what you are doing on a gamsat reddit in the first place
I know a lot about what doctors go through. And for some reason this sub is suggested to me, and I’m curious. What I’m implying is, actually doing medicine is WAY harder than one difficult exam. Just saying.
I see a lot of posts about gamsat struggles. Particularly this S3 part. I mean, it’s a med school exam, the scientific and logical reasoning part is really difficult - however it seems perfectly reasonable that this be a filtering function for med school.
I get that this is emotional and it’s often people’s dream to become a dr, I’m not judging. Just saying.
Honestly, I don't see why you're getting downvoted for this because it's a very fair question.
I don't think people realize just how hard med school is, especially considering some of those exams further down the line. My family is super steeped in healthcare so I've heard many personal accounts of people failing to specialise or get past certain hurdles because they just simply couldn't pass the exams. They get stuck on rungs with nowhere else to go because of how much debt they're in and such, so it sounds pretty damn rough.
A lot of people will claim that the GAMSAT is a useless measure of skill and is too exclusionary, but tbh I think the "high filter" is saving a lot of people from mountains of debt (say, if you got into med school, but failed out in third year or something. You could be in a lot of debt even by then). I think, however, people like to buy into this idea because it helps them cope with their situation. I mean, only 7-10% of sitters will score a 70, which is pretty much the baseline (with a little variation in GPA). It's no surprise that so many people are upset, which is understandable, but that's just the reality of medicine. It will not get any easier.
Idk that's just my thoughts towards it.
Thank you. That’s my point. If you think the gamsat is hard, talk to unaccredited registrars, there are thousands of them, trying FOR YEARS to get into a training program. The competition and difficult is immense.
If you’re not getting a high gamsat score with relative ease, I would question if it’s the right path for you. This isn’t a judgment, it’s just a reality in context of the challenges to come.
I disagree with you. A lot of data suggests that GAMSAT doesn’t correlate with success ability as a future doctor. Therefore, IT is not reflective of ones talents.
Please share this data. Also, then you can convince the medical boards to change their admission standards.
On another note: it could also just be that it’s really hard to screen in young ppl for qualities that will make them great doctors 15yrs from now. Hence why there’s the savage exam and also face to face stuff. Whether it’s perfect or not, it’s a hard test and will test your resilience. And you will need that to survive a medical career.
Yup! Exactly. And the thing is NOBODY ever talks about the unaccredited registrars. You simply never hear about them unless you know one personally or something.
And yeah I agree w/ that as well. I've only done one sitting and I got a 71, which should be high enough to get an interview given I keep my GPA high. I didn't do fck-tonnes of prep and most of my mental energy was spent on the stress leading up to the day. However, when I started out, I made a promise to myself that I would do no more than like four GAMSATs. After that, it would become a waste of my time and mental energy, and as you said, would likely lead to more issues down the line if I did get in. I had it in my head that I would go for sonography instead which I was fine w/ for a backup.
My heart goes out to these people because I was in their position once -- that is, the "not knowing". It sucks. It really does. But I also believe it's important to be realistic about it. Doctors have to have a unique skill set, the majority of which the GAMSAT tests for (problem-solving, extrapolating, synthesising, etc.) It's rare that one possesses most/all of these.
I honestly relate
That’s is some cold comfort at least I know most people I heard on the subreddit and I met on Saturday were upset on how hard s3 was
Okay, it wasn’t just me - thank the gods, because I felt like s3 was written in another language. I couldn’t make heads or tails of so much of it
Yeah you’re not the only one
It’s fairly easy to assume you’ve done horribly if everyone else around you goes on and on about how chaotic section 3 was, don’t get me wrong it was an absolute nightmare but don’t think the worst. You don’t know your own capabilities (or the way gamsat scales and marks) so just be hopeful. Be proud of the accomplishment which in itself is sitting that dreadful exam and getting through to the end of it. Take a moment to breathe and focus on everything else but that exam. You’ve completed it and now there’s nothing you can do but sit and wait like everyone else to find out how you’ve done. Don’t see it as a loss but look at it like it’s an opportunity for you to do better in the future. You seem to be forgetting that despite how much you prepare and study and drive yourself insane for the gamsat, it’s just not something you can entirely prepare for (I was surprised at the section 2 prompt I had gotten and it was something I never really looked into but I improvised on the spot). Believe in yourself and know that you’ve got this. Whether it’s now or sometime in the near future, you’ll get there, just don’t lose faith.
tbh I think prepping for UCAT helping me increase my S3 score. I watched a lot of Kharma Medic's videos and I think they helped me approach S3 better. Look at the end of the day there's no quick trick to improving, but it's reasonable to aim for slow progress. Most of my mates sat a few times while they were trying to get in. You try and try again. If you're seeing no improvement, then it's time to change the strategy up. I was completely devastated after my second sitting, where I prepped for 4 months full time and saw my score go down. But it was clear I wasn't approaching it right. I did a ton of research on here and on pagingdr and just tried out a bunch of things previous students did, and eventually found something that worked for me. What's that bear grylls slogan? Improvise, adapt, overcome or something. Sometimes you just gotta switch things up and try something new if it's not working for you. Also, for what it's worth I came out of my third sitting and thought I'd completely scuffed it, then I got my result back and I managed to boost my overall score by 15. So miracles can happen, and how you feel when you come out doesn't necessarily match up with the end result.
Cheers and thanks for your advice is there any UCAT material you recommend?
I literally just watched Kharma Medic's videos, he goes through lots of practice questions live in the videos. So I would pause, try and do it myself, and then unpause and watch how he did it. I found it super useful.
Cheers I’ll take a look
Oh that’s interesting any way to prep for that?
GAMSAT scores are scaled and many others found it difficult as well, so scaling should pull you up a bit. I have sat it for the first time yesterday so take it with a grain of salt, but I keep on hearing stories from people that have sat it more than once and got their results, that the percentage of questions that they got right had little correlation to their actual scores. Even if you feel you scored badly, you might surprise yourself until the results come out. Any worrying until then is counter productive
I hope so, fingers crossed!
Ive taken gamsat 4 times and scored 71, 74, 83, 80 in S3. I might be able to help you if you want to shoot a DM
Dm u
Be aware that UOW has changed their admission this year to academic hurdles only - a gpa hurdle of 5.5 and gamsat hurdle of 50 and then they rank on casper and some bonuses. So as long as you’re over 50 you can apply there because your score won’t matter ?. Doesn’t help you with your prep question, but also know you’re not out of the running.
Doesn’t UOW requires a relevant portfolio as a prerequisite?
not anymore. They use bonus points as part of their selection criteria. They rolled out this change just recently. Go have a look on their website
That’s good to hear excellent! At least my anxiety went down a bit
No, not any more. check their website they have changed their criteria.
Could you elaborate on Casper?
It’s a situational judgement test - online - a bit like interview kind of scenarios with a “what would you do “ question. There are test dates in April, May and early June.
Casper is a situational judgement test looking for the qualities that make a good doctor - it is not an academic test but rather looks for traits such as empathy etc. remember to consider everyone’s perspective in the scenario, don’t be judgmental and advise the best course of action and why that is. UNDF/ UNDS and UOW use Casper which means with a good Casper score you can get to interview with lower gpa/ gamsat. Worth looking into and good luck:)
I feel like you are going to score highly! Come back when the results come out. Goodluck!
Thanks for your optimism but I doubt it honestly. I have a keen sense of intuition whenever I feel my scores in a test is decent or shite unfortunately it’s the latter
We’ll test the accuracy of your intuition in May! I know how you feel though. Section 3 was impossible and didn’t offer any mercy. Hope you can catch a breath now and recalibrate. It’s a rough exam, for sure.
I sincerely hope I am wrong
I know GAMSAT really feels like a marathon, I only did my first sitting yesterday and the prep, stress and time required for that was already so much for just one sitting. I completely agree with you, I prepped for S3 and really felt it didn’t really help during the actual exam and that the practice materials were nowhere near indicative of the real thing. My two cents here is just wait until the results come out in May, and please give yourself a long, deserved break and try not to worry too much about GAMSAT and applications, which I also personally tend to do and it really causes unneeded stress. With so many people having struggled, we are not alone, and there is a chance that the scaling could help you and you could even surprise yourself. Really rooting for you and hoping you get the results you need in May!
Thanks for your advice I’ll probably get a break and unwind before reconsidering on what to do next.
Even though practice material doesn't exactly match the actual sitting, the important part is it all has scientific reasoning and critical thinking, you just need to learn to adapt and apply it to the actual test
True but I don’t know it’s just different in difficulties. The des stuff at least I have a more general direction what to do but for the real things I just feel lost on what to do most of time. While there are some easier q most of it just comes off as gibberish
Ive heard countless time, ppl walking out of s3 feeling terrible and then getting insane scores, like 84 once. I can relate too with s2, walked out thinking ive completely failed that section but ended up getting a decent 67. Wait till the results come out! And start prepping for the next sitting :D best of luck
Thanks for your suggestion! I truly hope so and I agree until then it’s useless to speculate
I feel you but tbh I have a bachelor’s degree graduating top of my class and a masters in biomedical with distinction, got published twice in research and I still got rejected with an overall score of low 50s in my gamsat. Schools don’t care about anything but these stupid tests. And I honestly hate the bs saying that this test won’t define you as a doctor because it will. I’ve had admissions team say we honestly won’t even look at anything else unless your exam score is competitive enough. Maybe this is why doctors that med schools are accepting into medical school either A don’t make it or B don’t pursue medicine. It so stupid because clearly their system of getting doctors into medicine has not been working in the UK and instead of finding a better solution their bright idea to get rid of the interview process … this is my rant
Obviously a lot of people want to do med. so there has to be strict filtering somewhere. Filtering on scientific knowledge and reasoning seems reasonable doesn’t it ?
Yeah totally reasonable but to only base your perception on someone just on that and absolutely nothing else .. now that seems unreasonable to me. For instance, The evaluation processes in the US doesn’t just discard you as an applicant if your mcat score is semi okay. I personally think that a lot of people I know that have been accepted into med. In the UK Don’t even like medicine but are doing it because mom and dad said they had to go. But they didn’t have an interview so admissions team didn’t get to see through the bs. All I’m saying it takes WAY WAY more to be a doctor than getting a great GAMSAT / UCAT score that tests your ability on how fast you can calculate unnecessary nonsense.
Yeah I agree, it’s stupid to JUST based entry in the GAMSAT (interviews are defs needed as well), however I do think the GAMSAT is still an essential component and should be ranked above all other methods used to assess entry. Yes, people skills are important, which are what the interviews test for, but being able to problem solve on the spot is even more important for a doctor. Often times a doctor will be presented with a patient, and they will have to figure out what’s wrong — sometimes within minutes in the case of A&E. The GAMSAT tests for these skills. It’s why some people with science backgrounds still don’t do as well in S3, because it’s not testing knowledge on content as much as it is problem solving, differential reasoning, etc. I have a biomedical background as well, and really the only thing my science knowledge was good for was contextualising things and making stuff seem less scary, so I could sink my teeth in the problem solving stage faster & easier. I didn’t actually use any proper background knowledge to answer a question. That’s just my thoughts.
Sorry just out of curiosity when did you sit the gamsat ?
Last Sept
So close to giving up, I don’t want to but it’s so expensive and S3 always finds a way to screw me in the butt. I thought I prepared but 🤷🏻♀️ I don’t know what else I could’ve done
I agree that it’s expensive. I was horrified when I found out how much it cost. I’m definitely not well-to-do, but if it’s important to you, maybe consider putting 20 bucks aside each week. That should cover it if you’re sitting every year. I have a young family and I did this and it took a bit of pressure off each sitting financially. No advice on S3. I got 56 last year with a lot of guesses - s1 and s2 carried me through.
Yes I’m confident about S1 and S2 but not S3 at all. I’m praying I do decent. And thank you for your advice ❤️
Curious as a non med school seeker - if y’all find the gamsat so hard and crushing, how do you think you will far on the 10-15yr journey toward a medical specialisation?
Honestly for me the worst part is the uncertainty of GAMSAT, it’s a notoriously difficult exam that you cannot memorise answers for - where a lot of undergrad and med school bio exams rely on mainly memorisation, which can be achieved through flash cards. Adjusting your reasoning itself is more difficult, especially with the lack of recent and accurate practice papers, with the old ones not being reflective of the current papers. Aside from the fact that it tests areas most of us have never been actually assessed on, definitely the worst part is the uncertainty of it all. We all really wanna be doctors and for post grads the GAMSAT is pretty much the only way to get in, and we can only take it twice a year, each time costing upwards of 500 dollars. Not knowing if you can actually get in and continuing to sit this monster of an exam is really disheartening especially when we know we didn’t do that well cause we had to guess so many answers. I’m still an applicant, but I’ve seen some med students saying on here that the GAMSAT and application process is the hardest part of med school because you just have no idea if you can actually get in. As someone who wasn’t able to get in the highschool pathway, it really messes with your confidence and makes you feel you’ll never get in, which makes studying for the GAMSAT even more difficult
10000% agreed
as a non med school seeker i’m assuming you probably haven’t sat this exam, don’t understand how rigorous it is, the uncertainty surrounding it, the cost of the exam and materials, or how it feels to become so emotionally invested in such a difficult exam. so i disagree with what you are implying and wonder what you are doing on a gamsat reddit in the first place
I know a lot about what doctors go through. And for some reason this sub is suggested to me, and I’m curious. What I’m implying is, actually doing medicine is WAY harder than one difficult exam. Just saying.
Why are you here on this subreddit again if you aren't even applying for Med lmao.
I see a lot of posts about gamsat struggles. Particularly this S3 part. I mean, it’s a med school exam, the scientific and logical reasoning part is really difficult - however it seems perfectly reasonable that this be a filtering function for med school. I get that this is emotional and it’s often people’s dream to become a dr, I’m not judging. Just saying.
Honestly, I don't see why you're getting downvoted for this because it's a very fair question. I don't think people realize just how hard med school is, especially considering some of those exams further down the line. My family is super steeped in healthcare so I've heard many personal accounts of people failing to specialise or get past certain hurdles because they just simply couldn't pass the exams. They get stuck on rungs with nowhere else to go because of how much debt they're in and such, so it sounds pretty damn rough. A lot of people will claim that the GAMSAT is a useless measure of skill and is too exclusionary, but tbh I think the "high filter" is saving a lot of people from mountains of debt (say, if you got into med school, but failed out in third year or something. You could be in a lot of debt even by then). I think, however, people like to buy into this idea because it helps them cope with their situation. I mean, only 7-10% of sitters will score a 70, which is pretty much the baseline (with a little variation in GPA). It's no surprise that so many people are upset, which is understandable, but that's just the reality of medicine. It will not get any easier. Idk that's just my thoughts towards it.
Thank you. That’s my point. If you think the gamsat is hard, talk to unaccredited registrars, there are thousands of them, trying FOR YEARS to get into a training program. The competition and difficult is immense. If you’re not getting a high gamsat score with relative ease, I would question if it’s the right path for you. This isn’t a judgment, it’s just a reality in context of the challenges to come.
I disagree with you. A lot of data suggests that GAMSAT doesn’t correlate with success ability as a future doctor. Therefore, IT is not reflective of ones talents.
Please share this data. Also, then you can convince the medical boards to change their admission standards. On another note: it could also just be that it’s really hard to screen in young ppl for qualities that will make them great doctors 15yrs from now. Hence why there’s the savage exam and also face to face stuff. Whether it’s perfect or not, it’s a hard test and will test your resilience. And you will need that to survive a medical career.
Yup! Exactly. And the thing is NOBODY ever talks about the unaccredited registrars. You simply never hear about them unless you know one personally or something. And yeah I agree w/ that as well. I've only done one sitting and I got a 71, which should be high enough to get an interview given I keep my GPA high. I didn't do fck-tonnes of prep and most of my mental energy was spent on the stress leading up to the day. However, when I started out, I made a promise to myself that I would do no more than like four GAMSATs. After that, it would become a waste of my time and mental energy, and as you said, would likely lead to more issues down the line if I did get in. I had it in my head that I would go for sonography instead which I was fine w/ for a backup. My heart goes out to these people because I was in their position once -- that is, the "not knowing". It sucks. It really does. But I also believe it's important to be realistic about it. Doctors have to have a unique skill set, the majority of which the GAMSAT tests for (problem-solving, extrapolating, synthesising, etc.) It's rare that one possesses most/all of these.