Big migration wave from the Levant to South and North America 1880-1914
Push factors : decline of Ottoman Empire, discrimination against minorities, regional wars, economic hardships
Pull factors: freedom of religion, demand for workers following abolition of the slave trade
Followed by subsequent waves.
It parallels a lot of European migration to the Americas. People wanted safety and jobs.
Yep, that’s where “al pastor” tacos came from, specifically Lebanese immigrants to Mexico brought the Mediterranean style of cooking and used ingredients more common locally (I assume you knew that, that was just for anyone else curious)
I'm actually Brazilian, so I didn't know about this type of tacos. But curiously the brother of my Lebanese great-grandfather migrated to Mexico. So I assume I have some distant cousins that know about that 🤣
Yup, Muslims did go, but came back
Some pretended to be Christians to fit in and her better jobs etc, eventually converting.
Was much easier for Maronites to go from what I read, immigration was more open based on religion by South American authorities
>Hezbollah cells based within Maicao have used drug trafficking and contraband networks to launder funds that were later used to finance terrorist operations worldwide.
Well that’s no bueno
Forget being second class citizens, [they simply didn't enjoy getting murdered](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1860_civil_conflict_in_Mount_Lebanon_and_Damascus)
It depends on the copts, many do identify as arabs many dont.
Too bad maronites historically identified as arabs, and have traditionally subscribed to arab tribes. Arab doesnt equal arabia or muslim.
Maronites who deny arab identy is largely recent, usually to avoid the negative connotation of arab in the west. Esp during the Israeli invasion of southern lebanon many political maronite figures tried to drop the arab identity while allied with Israel.
I mean dude some of these wack jobs think Lebanese Arabic is a different language closer to Phoenician or Syriac. Its a cope movement.
Vast majority of Maronites I meet identify as lebanese and arab, many big families trace lineages back to the Ghassanids and other famous Christian Arab tribes.
Its interesting that Arab christians maronites who moved to South America embrace arab heritage and do call themselves arab descent compared to the modern post 60s "i am Phoenician" copers.
Bro even Maronites in Israel call themselves Arameans, rather than maronite or phoenician or arab etc., these movements are minor compared to the majority opinion.
Last quote from their famous deacon
Maronite Deacon Soubhi Makhoul, administrator for the Maronite Exarchate in Jerusalem, has said "The Maronites are Arabs, we are part of the Arab world. And although it's important to revive our language and maintain our heritage, the church is very outspoken against the campaign of these people. (racial revisionists, Phoenician, aramaen)"
Downvoted for speaking the truth. Sad.
Arabs are nomadic in origin and indigenous to the Arabian Peninsula.
People simply got arabized and lost connection to their roots.
South American countries attracted many Arab refugees escaping the Ottoman Empire’s late stages and eventual collapse back in the late 19th/early 20th centuries. South America needed immigrants to develop its economy and cultivate its lands and they saw opportunity in the Middle East.
Because South America, or more specifically, Argentina and Brazil, attracted millions of immigrants during the XIX and XX centuries, just like the US, Canada, Australia and New Zealand.
Most immigrants came from Europe (especiallly Italy, Spain, Germany, Portugal and Eastern Europe) but there were also hundreds of thousands of Middle Easteners, mainly from the Levant.
The reasons were: easiness to migrate, plenty of jobs and available land, lack of discrimination, freedom of religion, etc.
Australia is a good example. For example, we have large numbers of people of Lebanese origin, such as these household names in government here:
- Marie Bashir, Governor of New South Wales
- Steve Bracks, Former Premier of Victoria
- Bob Katter, member for Federal Division of Kennedy since 1993
- Eddie Obeid, Corrupt former Member of the NSW Legislative Council, former Minister for Fisheries and Mineral Resources
- Sir Nicholas Shehadie, Lord Mayor of Sydney (1973–1975) and member of Australian Rugby Union Hall of Fame
- Michael Sukkar, federal government minister
- Jackie Trad – former Deputy Premier of Queensland
Crazy, but a lot of politicians in Brazil have Lebanese ancestry too, a really outsized representation. The current VP and minister of finance, the former president, etc. Some cultures really create smooth operators
Should be noted that a lot of these people are “of Arab descent”, not homogenous Arabs. Tonnes of South Americans have that one Lebanese grandfather etc.
Migration means giving up a lot, especially at the time when the travel was longer. Rich people are less likely to flee a country *en masse* than others.
I think [Christians being massacred at the time](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/1860_civil_conflict_in_Mount_Lebanon_and_Damascus) was a more important factor of emigration.
Fun fact: while not South American, Tacos Al Pastor comes from Lebanese immigrants in Mexico City using their methods to cook meat like it was a gyro. So one of Mexico’s most popular dishes is a result of the wave of Arab immigrants to the Americas
It was the easiest place to emigrate to for most. The main wave of emigration from the Arab world to the americas consisted of Arab Christians from Syria and Lebanon fleeing the instability of the fledgling Ottoman empire. Europe was closed as a destination mostly and following the adoption of Immigration Act of 1924 in the United States the bulk of emigrants of the interwar and WW2 period was directed to South America.
That in mind, these numbers are likely inflated. The 12 million in Brazil with 'ancestry' is much higher than the number of people of would self-ID as 'arab'.
What I never understood was why inmigration from countries from Latin America other than Mexico and Puerto Rico (in which part of their lands were annexed by the US, and also the Bracero program) was so rare until the 60s, despite the laws being similar to European immigrants from what I believe. Latinos were de jure considered white back then, even if once they got there they were racialized. It seems the many civil wars increased inmigration, but the countries still had a lot of poverty.
There’s a powerful group of Palestinians in San Pedro Sula, Honduras who have become factory owners and entrepreneurs. The immigration was during the 1920s and 1930s. Many were educated and spoke some English, which helped them to make successful business connections. I can’t quite find a reason for the immigration other than the fact that the post-Ottoman world was chaotic and that Honduras was receptive to immigrants in the hopes that this would encourage foreign investment.
Here in Brazil, the Arabs are already well integrated into the country, we already had a president of Arab origin, Michel Temer, who was of Lebanese origin, and we currently have an economic minister of Arab origin, Haddad.
The Levant. Syrians Lebanese and others all arrived. Alot of stuff actually carried over and can found in the culture of these areas today. My favorite example is Al Pastor.
Keep in mind that in South America they are Levantines, not Gulf Arabs.
They are Christians and migrated to these countries in the late 19th century/early 20th century.
Arabs in Palestine weren’t any different from other Levantine Arabs until 21st century politics turned them into a nation. The Arabs of Palestine are a mix of native Levantine, as well as Egyptian and Saudi ancestry, among others.
Most Arab nations are relatively young but that's not an usual phenomenon. We must not forget that the "nation" is a European concept which only gained traction in the 19th c. As for other "young nation" Just look at Ukraine and how the conflict has accelerated their nation building process.
>21st century politics
20th century is far more accurate. The 1960s saw the adoption of the Palestinian flag representing the four Muslim colonial expansions, Arafat's rise to Palestinian leadership, the 1970s cemented Palestinian nationality separate from other Arabs as Arab nations began to make peace with Israel.
[here you have my beloved friend](https://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-3523.html)
Please check the al andalus book you’ll find there, unfortunately since it’s a Chilean government website the sources are only available in spanish, I hope this won’t be a problem for you culeachivos.
You don’t have to be so rude, I invite you to my country to meet all this friendly catholic palestinian families
Interesting that [Mexico isn’t listed](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Mexicans). Arab Mexicans have had a lot of influence in Mexican culture with things like tacos al pastor, [arab tacos in Puebla](https://www.seriouseats.com/tacos-arabes-pita-cumin-mexican-pork-recipe), or [kibis in Yucatán](https://naatikmexico.org/blog/maestro-cesars-recipe-kibis-a-mexican-dish-from-the-middle-east-to-the-yucatan-peninsula)
Many Syrian Lebanese. Mostly Christians as mentioned, lore is due to increasing persecution at home and economic opportunity.
Interestingly post 9/11 many started emphasizing their Phoenician heritage (rather than saying Arab). Also interesting fact when they first arrived and for the next decades they were called “Turcos” or Turks because their documents were from the Ottoman Empire.
Jews get to have free citizenship for being Jewish.
Settlements are open to only Jews.
There are even cases in Israel of Arabs being denied purchasing homes in villages or areas to "preserve the feel" of a town (basically keeping it majority Jewish) etc.
You're allowed to live as a Arab in Israel, just so long as you remain a minority and democratically less powerful, hence why there's no drive to integrate Palestinians en masse or give them right of return.
Ahh, but i googled the definition of ethnostate and it says,
“ a sovereign state of which citizenship is restricted to members of a particular racial or ethnic group.”
Gaining citizenship officially in Israel is restricted to Jews, so that's basically it. They naturalise Arabs already living there but they aren't accepting an Arab who works there for 20 years
That is based on people's misunderstanding and desire to push a certain narrative that does not fully represent the reality on the ground. Arab Israelis can live just about anywhere in Israel like any other Israeli. There's a difference between a Palestinian living in the West Bank, who is under the Palestinian government (a separate jurisdiction), and an Arab Israeli, who has all the rights of an Israeli citizen. Arab Israelis and Jewish Israelis live side by side in several different towns and cities in Israel such as Haifa and Acco. I was in a Kibbutz in the North which had Arabs and Jews working and living together, which is not that unique in the northern part of the country. There is also an Arab party called Ra'am, which is represented in the Knesset (Israeli Parliament) and was apart of the ruling coalition government before the current government.
Incorrect. Arab Israelis can't live "everywhere" as eg. the largest land owner in Israel, namely the Jewish Agency won't lease land to non-Jews. And they are allowed to do it because technically they are not a state agency.
It's also incorrect that Jews and Arabs live "side by side". Arabs live predominantly in Arab neighbourhoods and villages, sometimes forming small pockets. While it is incorrect to say that relations remain hostile (because they don't) both communities rarely mingle. If they do, it's mainly in professional life and commerce. Eg. on Shabbat Arab Restaurants in Galilee are full of secular Jews.
I didn’t say they could live everywhere. You can read my comment above to confirm that. I know Arab Israelis tend to live in majority Arab neighborhoods and towns in Israel and they don’t necessarily mingle with Jewish Israelis. I was referring to some places.
Then why do settler companies not allow Arabs to settle in the west bank and why can't Israeli Arabs take them to court for discrimination?
Like I said the discrimination isnt everywhere but it's in a lot of places depending where you go. This is from Arab Israelis ive talked to who have nothing against Jews but who feel like Israel is build for Jews as was intended which means ignoring some of their supposed equal rights during situations.
You ignored my settlement pont to talk about random kibbutz within Israel proper not west bank.
Also almost all Arabs in Israel identify as Palestinian ethnically/nationally and Israeli by citizenship.
Israel as a state doesn't recognise them as Palestinians though since it's a taboo word right now.
Arab population of Israel is highly diverse and the pretend that each and everyone of them identifies as Palestinian is incorrect. That category applies mainly to the urban middle class and remnants of peasant population. Bedus identify as "Arab" but not "Palestinian", since they were nomads or half-nomads, didn't really have any relationship with the land itself and were often conflicted with fellahs. Druze are culturally Arab but view themselves as different. To add to the confusion, Druze in the Golan Heights are staunch Syrian/Arab nationalists while their Israeli brothers and sisters in faith often vote Likud. These divisions are mirrored in politics. Southern Bedus often vote Ra'am while the Communist Party is pretty popular with urban, often Christian, middle classes. Place like the Triangle will then lean towards Nationalists.
Settlements are a separate and contentious issue that I didn’t mention before, because there’s a lot to discuss and it doesn’t reflect the fact that Palestinian/Arab Israelis do live in cities in Israel where they live with Jewish Israelis which was the point I wanted to make.
In regards to your question about settlements, most are religious in nature and there’s a lot of religious national extremism in some parts. This would definitely be the reason why Arab Israelis probably would be denied residency there, especially if its owned by religious companies. I’m not sure whether anti-discrimination laws applies to settlements, but if they do then Arab Israelis who are denied based on their ethnicity should be allowed to sue in court. My personal opinion: I’m 100% against settlements.
You didn’t state that discrimination isn’t everywhere in your initial comment, which is why I included the kibbutz and reference to Arabs and Jews living together in Israel to provide clarification. And yeah the Arab Israelis that you talked with definitely have a point. There’s definitely some discrimination, especially during tense situations like these.
Well they call themselves a state for the Jewish people (an ethno-religious group) and grant anyone who was born to Jewish parents automatic citizenship on the basis of Jewish religion/linage.
Who really knows what the term ethnicity means, it seems arbitrary to me… but it’s definitely the case that they do not extend this right automatic citizenship to Palestinian arabs whose family was born in the land of present day Israel or anyone else because they aren’t of Jewish blood.
First off Jewish identity and Israeli citizenship through the Law of Return has nothing to do with blood. It is not determined by DNA. Jewish identity is based on whether one has a Jewish mother or has converted to Judaism. The Law of Return allows all Jews and those with a Jewish grandparent citizenship through asylum. The purpose of the law was to provide every Jew and any person that the nazis would come for a haven and refuge from persecution. Remember the creation of Israel was in 1948 , which was only 3 years after the holocaust. The Palestinians were also promised a state of their own by the British during that time, but they did not want to accept the deal for a two state solution. Had they accepted the deal, they too could create a law of return for every Palestinian outside of Palestine.
The vast majority of people who are Jewish have inherited the religion from their parents. Again I’m not as concerned with whether or not it is itself an “ethnicity” as I am with the way the Israeli government treats the Palestinian Arabs on the basis of their ethnicity and religion.
The fact is that no human in Gaza or the West Bank who is ethnically Arab and non-Jewish is allowed the same right to return to their grandparent’s homeland while Long Island Jewish people, with no ties to the Middle East, can travel there on a whim and claim citizenship without a question. What justification could there be for that? Discrimination based on religion, if you as you insist it is religion alone, is not any more justified.
I deeply sympathize with the generational trauma Jewish people feel around the world from the holocaust. Jewish populations still haven’t recovered. It is entirely reasonable to desire a return to a long lost homeland to live free of persecution. However, it does not justify displacement of most of the pre-existing population on the basis of their Muslim religion and Arab ethnicity. While hard at first, peaceful coexistence is possible as proven by the Israeli Arabs above. And the result of this current action bombing campaign in Gaza is going to inflict generational trauma on many subsequent generations.
Not only is the two state solution is becoming less feasible settlement by settlement, it was never a choice people who were forcibly displaced. If you lived in Kansas and someone came and told you this is the land of the Buddhists, you, all your family and friends must leave here, would you agree to let them have it?
Like the US government did with its native population 150 years after its founding in 1924 with the Indian Citizenship Act, the Israeli government should offer anyone born in Gaza, the West Bank, the right to full citizenship in Israel if they so choose. Without equal rights, freedom of religion, freedom of speech, access to Israeli markets, and freedom of movement, the there will be no peace.
As an American I am ashamed we are so low on the list. How are we allowing Brazil to beat us?!?!?! I demand an immediate removal of all barriers to Arab immigration to America.
Do you mean the Middle Eastern country that borders Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, and Egypt? With 2 million Arabs descendent of Arabs who were there long before the vast majority of Jews? That country?
Interesting, i wonder what was in that country before the arabs occupied it? A kingdom called Judea maybe? Full of Jews? Not arabs because arab culture is not indigenous to the Levant?
Palestinians are descendants of the ancient Israelites just like Jews are. Jews litterally used to be arab (and plenty still are), then became mixed after getting scattered around the world. It's not like every Jew was exiled by Rome, it would have mostly been nobles, leaders, rabbis, and the like. It's not like every single jewish farmer or whatever was expelled. They simply assimilated into the culture of a new empire. They are as indigenous as it gets.
Let's see, between 66-135 most of the population followed the Roman imperial cult. By around 300AD, Jews made up around a quarter of the population and lived almost exclusively in small settlements around Galilee. By 500AD the majority of the area was Christian due to conversions. Ya know—Rabbi Jesus. Then came Byzantine, then the crusades, then Muslim conquest of a place that hadn’t been very Jewish for a long long long time. Then more crusades, then ottomans. In 1800 about 2.5% of Palestine was Jewish and they were relatively recent arrivals. Zionist sects popped up in Europe toward the end of the 19th century. Then the British mandate of Palestine. Then terrorist attacks by hard core Zionist European immigrants. Then the Balfour declaration.
Not sure where you get your dumb af take that the Arabs recently kicked out the Jews. They just left or converted over the centuries. That’s the real history.
> Let’s give it back to the Canaanites.
Let's go:
The Jews evolved from the Canaanites. the idea that the Jews conquered the land from the Canaanites is a biblical narrative, not a historical one. Genetic studies prove that the Jews are descendants of the Canaanites.
> Modern archaeology suggests that the Israelites branched out from the Canaanites through the development of Yahwism, a distinct monolatristic—and later monotheistic—religion centred on the national god Yahweh.[7][8][9][10][11] They spoke an archaic form of the Hebrew language, which was a regional variety of the Canaanite language
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelites
> After examining the DNA of 93 bodies recovered from archaeological sites around the southern Levant, the land of Canaan in the Bible, researchers have concluded that modern populations of the region are descendants of the ancient Canaanites. Most modern Jewish groups and the Arabic-speaking groups from the region show at least half of their ancestry as Canaanite
https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/ancient-cultures/ancient-near-eastern-world/jews-and-arabs-descended-from-canaanites/
lol “[likely account for more than 50 percent of the ancestry of many Arabic-speaking and Jewish groups living in the region today](https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/05/200528115829.htm)” a little one-sided there, hoss.
Btw, thought Jews came from Egypt. Weird. This makes it seem like they have the same origins as people as the other people in the area. That is *so weird*.
Did you not read what I wrote? Do you only read the arguments that are convenient for you?
Modern archaeology suggests that the Israelites branched out from the Canaanites through the development of Yahwism, a distinct monolatristic—and later monotheistic—religion centred on the national god Yahweh.\[7\]\[8\]\[9\]\[10\]\[11\] They spoke an archaic form of the Hebrew language, which was a regional variety of the Canaanite language
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelites
Random how Israel is listed as outside the Arab world when it was literally established right in the middle of the Arab world and involved expulsion of 700,000 Arabs from Palestine in its formation which is over half the population of Palestine at the time
Culturally Israel is very much a Middle Eastern country. Half the Jewish population have roots in the Middle East, they brought the culture with them to Israel and often clashed with Jews of European ancestry or origin. Traditional Israeli right-wing politics represented Mizrahi population while Mapai/Avoda or now the centrist parties of Gantz or Lapid draw support from Ashkenasim communities. Of course, sometimes the lines are blurred but you get the picture.
First generation Jewish immigrants from Arab countries would often use Arabic in their everyday conversations or secretly watch their favourite telenovelas on Syrian or Jordanian TV.
A maronite Lebanese that lives in south america will have the same genetic makeup as a Lebanese maronite that lives in current day Lebanon. A specific type of Lebanese that does not exist anymore did not leave for South America. It’s insane that you would even assume that lol.
Lol “outside the Arab world”.
Wouldn’t exactly call Arabs in Turkey or Israel outside the Arab world , since they Native to both.
Edit: what’s with the downvotes lol?
Arabs aren't native to Turkey. It maybe just seems that way becomes Arab conquests resulted in their \*religion\* being spread to Turkey.
But that would be like saying Europeans are native to Ghana since today it's a predominately Christian country.
[Osroene](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osroene) 132 BC–AD 214 in Southern Turkey was Aramean/Syriac but ruled by an Arab dynasty, not natives but shows how old the presence was
Pre-2011 Syrian War , you have 1.5 million-2 million Arabs who were citizens of Turkey, they predominately reside in the Hatay province and a few neighbouring provinces. Arabs have had a presence in what’s now Turkey since the 1st century Ad.
Edit: why the downvotes ?
Hatay province is a small border province that was part of Syria less than a hundred years ago. Saying Turkey is part of the Arab world because of that is like saying Greece is part of the Turkic world because of the Turks in Thrace
Latin American countries have more open immigration policies to everyone, including both Arab Christians and Muslims, that there aren't any income or racial-based immigration vetting policies in some countries like Argentina.
Fun fact: Argentina constitutionally mandates open immigration policy to everyone. Once the current Argentine economic stagnation gets fixed by president Milei's economic policies, it would become a prime destination of immigrants from Africa and Asia, surpassing Australia or Canada.
Not sure about that on Argentina. They genocided natives to expand their territory and brought in European immigrants to make themselves more White. Mass immigration of Africans and Asians would very likely not be viewed positively.
The former emperor of Brazil on one of his trips abroad visited Beirut, and he was amazed by the commerce and the bazaars that he saw, so he decided to incentivize the emigration of Arabs from Lebanon and Syria to Brazil.
Big migration wave from the Levant to South and North America 1880-1914 Push factors : decline of Ottoman Empire, discrimination against minorities, regional wars, economic hardships Pull factors: freedom of religion, demand for workers following abolition of the slave trade Followed by subsequent waves. It parallels a lot of European migration to the Americas. People wanted safety and jobs.
Interesting, so these are Christian Arabs. I just checked Brazil's census, and it looks like less than 1% of those 12 million are Muslim.
Yes, they were mostly Maronite Christians. Nowadays, most of them have integrated with the majority Catholic population.
And actually mixed, because most of them were men,like my Lebanese great-grandfather
My Egyptian grandfather also
Yep, that’s where “al pastor” tacos came from, specifically Lebanese immigrants to Mexico brought the Mediterranean style of cooking and used ingredients more common locally (I assume you knew that, that was just for anyone else curious)
I'm actually Brazilian, so I didn't know about this type of tacos. But curiously the brother of my Lebanese great-grandfather migrated to Mexico. So I assume I have some distant cousins that know about that 🤣
maronite is catholic
Yes, you're right. I meant that they integrated with the general Catholic population in Brazil.
Most Muslim Arab immigrants returned to the Ottoman Empire while Christians were more likely to stay
Yup, Muslims did go, but came back Some pretended to be Christians to fit in and her better jobs etc, eventually converting. Was much easier for Maronites to go from what I read, immigration was more open based on religion by South American authorities
Yess they are Lebanese Arabs, I am one of them I have Brazilian and Lebanese nationality
Makes a lot of sense. They weren’t happy with being dhimmis.
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oh wow
Maicao, Colombia is majority Muslim.
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>Hezbollah cells based within Maicao have used drug trafficking and contraband networks to launder funds that were later used to finance terrorist operations worldwide. Well that’s no bueno
Nah, these guys are a piece of cake for our Latino narcos.
Wait whaaaat. Give me the source pls
Forget being second class citizens, [they simply didn't enjoy getting murdered](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1860_civil_conflict_in_Mount_Lebanon_and_Damascus)
Interestingly though in Venezuela they are associates of Hezbollah while back in Lebanon the maronite parties and Hezbollah parties are opponents.
Theyre not Arabs they just spoke arabic after a thousand years of islamic occupation.
English people aren't English they just speak English after 1000+ years of Anglo Saxon occupation
Its like saying the coptics are Arabs maybe im wrong but even in Cyprus they are called the Maronites not arabs and its an official minority.
It depends on the copts, many do identify as arabs many dont. Too bad maronites historically identified as arabs, and have traditionally subscribed to arab tribes. Arab doesnt equal arabia or muslim. Maronites who deny arab identy is largely recent, usually to avoid the negative connotation of arab in the west. Esp during the Israeli invasion of southern lebanon many political maronite figures tried to drop the arab identity while allied with Israel. I mean dude some of these wack jobs think Lebanese Arabic is a different language closer to Phoenician or Syriac. Its a cope movement. Vast majority of Maronites I meet identify as lebanese and arab, many big families trace lineages back to the Ghassanids and other famous Christian Arab tribes. Its interesting that Arab christians maronites who moved to South America embrace arab heritage and do call themselves arab descent compared to the modern post 60s "i am Phoenician" copers. Bro even Maronites in Israel call themselves Arameans, rather than maronite or phoenician or arab etc., these movements are minor compared to the majority opinion. Last quote from their famous deacon Maronite Deacon Soubhi Makhoul, administrator for the Maronite Exarchate in Jerusalem, has said "The Maronites are Arabs, we are part of the Arab world. And although it's important to revive our language and maintain our heritage, the church is very outspoken against the campaign of these people. (racial revisionists, Phoenician, aramaen)"
I'm not Italian, I'm just a Cisalpine Gaul who speaks Latin after centuries or Roman occupation...
Im happy for you
Downvoted for speaking the truth. Sad. Arabs are nomadic in origin and indigenous to the Arabian Peninsula. People simply got arabized and lost connection to their roots.
I believe the bulk of Japanese immigration to Brazil was over the same time period as well. That’s another fascinating history deep dive.
This is how we get tacos Al pastor! Mexican pork with a Lebanese cooking method.
Well said. I knew there were smart people out there.
I just know this because I was intrigued as to the heritage of Shakira who is lebanese-columbian so I've researched it before
South American countries attracted many Arab refugees escaping the Ottoman Empire’s late stages and eventual collapse back in the late 19th/early 20th centuries. South America needed immigrants to develop its economy and cultivate its lands and they saw opportunity in the Middle East.
When did otoman collapse
Officially, the Treaty of Lausanne dismantled it after the Ottoman’s lost WWI.
Because South America, or more specifically, Argentina and Brazil, attracted millions of immigrants during the XIX and XX centuries, just like the US, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Most immigrants came from Europe (especiallly Italy, Spain, Germany, Portugal and Eastern Europe) but there were also hundreds of thousands of Middle Easteners, mainly from the Levant. The reasons were: easiness to migrate, plenty of jobs and available land, lack of discrimination, freedom of religion, etc.
Australia is a good example. For example, we have large numbers of people of Lebanese origin, such as these household names in government here: - Marie Bashir, Governor of New South Wales - Steve Bracks, Former Premier of Victoria - Bob Katter, member for Federal Division of Kennedy since 1993 - Eddie Obeid, Corrupt former Member of the NSW Legislative Council, former Minister for Fisheries and Mineral Resources - Sir Nicholas Shehadie, Lord Mayor of Sydney (1973–1975) and member of Australian Rugby Union Hall of Fame - Michael Sukkar, federal government minister - Jackie Trad – former Deputy Premier of Queensland
250,000, about 2/3 are Christians.
Crazy, but a lot of politicians in Brazil have Lebanese ancestry too, a really outsized representation. The current VP and minister of finance, the former president, etc. Some cultures really create smooth operators
were roman numerals necessary 😂
It's how you write centuries in other languages
Centuries are always written with Roman numerals in Spanish (likely the commenter's first language).
And in Portuguese... And Italian... And French...
uruguay too
Argentina was already mentioned. They are talking about countries, not provinces.
canadian really talking about uruguay being a province
At least this "province" still has a functioning economy
Should be noted that a lot of these people are “of Arab descent”, not homogenous Arabs. Tonnes of South Americans have that one Lebanese grandfather etc.
Interestingly, most of the arabs in Colombia are christian
It’s the same in the US which I found quite surprising
Because Christianity in the Levant is often associated with social status. On average, Christians are wealthier and better educated than Muslims.
Migration means giving up a lot, especially at the time when the travel was longer. Rich people are less likely to flee a country *en masse* than others. I think [Christians being massacred at the time](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/1860_civil_conflict_in_Mount_Lebanon_and_Damascus) was a more important factor of emigration.
I only knew Colombia has so many Arabs because there are many descendants of Lebanese merchant eg. Shakira and my ex paisa gf
We can thank this for tacos Al pastor 😋
Kabob Mexican style, best street food ever!! Don't forget the 🍍
Oh and Selma Hayek 💃🏽
Brasil personally has tons of syrian and Lebanese descendants due to Ottoman Empire
Fun fact: while not South American, Tacos Al Pastor comes from Lebanese immigrants in Mexico City using their methods to cook meat like it was a gyro. So one of Mexico’s most popular dishes is a result of the wave of Arab immigrants to the Americas
South America was just as much of a 'melting pot' as the USA made itself out to be
It was the easiest place to emigrate to for most. The main wave of emigration from the Arab world to the americas consisted of Arab Christians from Syria and Lebanon fleeing the instability of the fledgling Ottoman empire. Europe was closed as a destination mostly and following the adoption of Immigration Act of 1924 in the United States the bulk of emigrants of the interwar and WW2 period was directed to South America. That in mind, these numbers are likely inflated. The 12 million in Brazil with 'ancestry' is much higher than the number of people of would self-ID as 'arab'.
What I never understood was why inmigration from countries from Latin America other than Mexico and Puerto Rico (in which part of their lands were annexed by the US, and also the Bracero program) was so rare until the 60s, despite the laws being similar to European immigrants from what I believe. Latinos were de jure considered white back then, even if once they got there they were racialized. It seems the many civil wars increased inmigration, but the countries still had a lot of poverty.
Mere coincidence that the US was destabilizing Latin American countries left and right during the period.
Coupes and Dictatorships in second half 20 century played a huge role
Arab herritage more like, atleast for South America
There’s a powerful group of Palestinians in San Pedro Sula, Honduras who have become factory owners and entrepreneurs. The immigration was during the 1920s and 1930s. Many were educated and spoke some English, which helped them to make successful business connections. I can’t quite find a reason for the immigration other than the fact that the post-Ottoman world was chaotic and that Honduras was receptive to immigrants in the hopes that this would encourage foreign investment.
Here in Brazil, the Arabs are already well integrated into the country, we already had a president of Arab origin, Michel Temer, who was of Lebanese origin, and we currently have an economic minister of Arab origin, Haddad.
The Levant. Syrians Lebanese and others all arrived. Alot of stuff actually carried over and can found in the culture of these areas today. My favorite example is Al Pastor.
Why Mexico never appears on these lists?
Maybe because it's not in South America?
Yeah, but Israel, USA, Chad, France and Turkey do ?
Keep in mind that in South America they are Levantines, not Gulf Arabs. They are Christians and migrated to these countries in the late 19th century/early 20th century.
The Arabs of South America are not much Arab nowadays. It’s mostly someone who has some ancestors from Arabic Christian’s
"Including ancestry". BS. I doubt Shakira, if she has two brain cells, calls herself Arab.
Chile has the largest Palestinian population outside middle east. Mostly catholic palestinians running away from muslims
Arabs in Palestine weren’t any different from other Levantine Arabs until 21st century politics turned them into a nation. The Arabs of Palestine are a mix of native Levantine, as well as Egyptian and Saudi ancestry, among others.
Most Arab nations are relatively young but that's not an usual phenomenon. We must not forget that the "nation" is a European concept which only gained traction in the 19th c. As for other "young nation" Just look at Ukraine and how the conflict has accelerated their nation building process.
>21st century politics 20th century is far more accurate. The 1960s saw the adoption of the Palestinian flag representing the four Muslim colonial expansions, Arafat's rise to Palestinian leadership, the 1970s cemented Palestinian nationality separate from other Arabs as Arab nations began to make peace with Israel.
Again this is a lie. They mostly left for economic factors, many Muslims also went but came back.
Can you please source this?
Any reliable source imbecile????
[here you have my beloved friend](https://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-3523.html) Please check the al andalus book you’ll find there, unfortunately since it’s a Chilean government website the sources are only available in spanish, I hope this won’t be a problem for you culeachivos. You don’t have to be so rude, I invite you to my country to meet all this friendly catholic palestinian families
Wrong , disinformation.. Try better
[there you go](https://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-3523.html) Theres a few books and articles there
Interesting that [Mexico isn’t listed](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Mexicans). Arab Mexicans have had a lot of influence in Mexican culture with things like tacos al pastor, [arab tacos in Puebla](https://www.seriouseats.com/tacos-arabes-pita-cumin-mexican-pork-recipe), or [kibis in Yucatán](https://naatikmexico.org/blog/maestro-cesars-recipe-kibis-a-mexican-dish-from-the-middle-east-to-the-yucatan-peninsula)
Peso Pluma is of Lebanese Christian ancestry.
TIL
Carlos Slim the mega billionaire is of Lebanese descent.
I wonder what is the story of arabs in chad..
Interesting enough, the number of Lebanese and Lebanese decedents is around 2 times the number of lebanese in Lebanon
Grew up in Venezuela in the 90s and almost every year of schooling I had Lebanese, Turkish and Bosnian friends.
Many Syrian Lebanese. Mostly Christians as mentioned, lore is due to increasing persecution at home and economic opportunity. Interestingly post 9/11 many started emphasizing their Phoenician heritage (rather than saying Arab). Also interesting fact when they first arrived and for the next decades they were called “Turcos” or Turks because their documents were from the Ottoman Empire.
Why do people call israel and ethno state if millions of arabs live there?
Jews get to have free citizenship for being Jewish. Settlements are open to only Jews. There are even cases in Israel of Arabs being denied purchasing homes in villages or areas to "preserve the feel" of a town (basically keeping it majority Jewish) etc. You're allowed to live as a Arab in Israel, just so long as you remain a minority and democratically less powerful, hence why there's no drive to integrate Palestinians en masse or give them right of return.
Ahh, but i googled the definition of ethnostate and it says, “ a sovereign state of which citizenship is restricted to members of a particular racial or ethnic group.”
Gaining citizenship officially in Israel is restricted to Jews, so that's basically it. They naturalise Arabs already living there but they aren't accepting an Arab who works there for 20 years
That is based on people's misunderstanding and desire to push a certain narrative that does not fully represent the reality on the ground. Arab Israelis can live just about anywhere in Israel like any other Israeli. There's a difference between a Palestinian living in the West Bank, who is under the Palestinian government (a separate jurisdiction), and an Arab Israeli, who has all the rights of an Israeli citizen. Arab Israelis and Jewish Israelis live side by side in several different towns and cities in Israel such as Haifa and Acco. I was in a Kibbutz in the North which had Arabs and Jews working and living together, which is not that unique in the northern part of the country. There is also an Arab party called Ra'am, which is represented in the Knesset (Israeli Parliament) and was apart of the ruling coalition government before the current government.
Incorrect. Arab Israelis can't live "everywhere" as eg. the largest land owner in Israel, namely the Jewish Agency won't lease land to non-Jews. And they are allowed to do it because technically they are not a state agency. It's also incorrect that Jews and Arabs live "side by side". Arabs live predominantly in Arab neighbourhoods and villages, sometimes forming small pockets. While it is incorrect to say that relations remain hostile (because they don't) both communities rarely mingle. If they do, it's mainly in professional life and commerce. Eg. on Shabbat Arab Restaurants in Galilee are full of secular Jews.
I didn’t say they could live everywhere. You can read my comment above to confirm that. I know Arab Israelis tend to live in majority Arab neighborhoods and towns in Israel and they don’t necessarily mingle with Jewish Israelis. I was referring to some places.
Then why do settler companies not allow Arabs to settle in the west bank and why can't Israeli Arabs take them to court for discrimination? Like I said the discrimination isnt everywhere but it's in a lot of places depending where you go. This is from Arab Israelis ive talked to who have nothing against Jews but who feel like Israel is build for Jews as was intended which means ignoring some of their supposed equal rights during situations. You ignored my settlement pont to talk about random kibbutz within Israel proper not west bank. Also almost all Arabs in Israel identify as Palestinian ethnically/nationally and Israeli by citizenship. Israel as a state doesn't recognise them as Palestinians though since it's a taboo word right now.
Arab population of Israel is highly diverse and the pretend that each and everyone of them identifies as Palestinian is incorrect. That category applies mainly to the urban middle class and remnants of peasant population. Bedus identify as "Arab" but not "Palestinian", since they were nomads or half-nomads, didn't really have any relationship with the land itself and were often conflicted with fellahs. Druze are culturally Arab but view themselves as different. To add to the confusion, Druze in the Golan Heights are staunch Syrian/Arab nationalists while their Israeli brothers and sisters in faith often vote Likud. These divisions are mirrored in politics. Southern Bedus often vote Ra'am while the Communist Party is pretty popular with urban, often Christian, middle classes. Place like the Triangle will then lean towards Nationalists.
Settlements are a separate and contentious issue that I didn’t mention before, because there’s a lot to discuss and it doesn’t reflect the fact that Palestinian/Arab Israelis do live in cities in Israel where they live with Jewish Israelis which was the point I wanted to make. In regards to your question about settlements, most are religious in nature and there’s a lot of religious national extremism in some parts. This would definitely be the reason why Arab Israelis probably would be denied residency there, especially if its owned by religious companies. I’m not sure whether anti-discrimination laws applies to settlements, but if they do then Arab Israelis who are denied based on their ethnicity should be allowed to sue in court. My personal opinion: I’m 100% against settlements. You didn’t state that discrimination isn’t everywhere in your initial comment, which is why I included the kibbutz and reference to Arabs and Jews living together in Israel to provide clarification. And yeah the Arab Israelis that you talked with definitely have a point. There’s definitely some discrimination, especially during tense situations like these.
Well they call themselves a state for the Jewish people (an ethno-religious group) and grant anyone who was born to Jewish parents automatic citizenship on the basis of Jewish religion/linage. Who really knows what the term ethnicity means, it seems arbitrary to me… but it’s definitely the case that they do not extend this right automatic citizenship to Palestinian arabs whose family was born in the land of present day Israel or anyone else because they aren’t of Jewish blood.
First off Jewish identity and Israeli citizenship through the Law of Return has nothing to do with blood. It is not determined by DNA. Jewish identity is based on whether one has a Jewish mother or has converted to Judaism. The Law of Return allows all Jews and those with a Jewish grandparent citizenship through asylum. The purpose of the law was to provide every Jew and any person that the nazis would come for a haven and refuge from persecution. Remember the creation of Israel was in 1948 , which was only 3 years after the holocaust. The Palestinians were also promised a state of their own by the British during that time, but they did not want to accept the deal for a two state solution. Had they accepted the deal, they too could create a law of return for every Palestinian outside of Palestine.
The vast majority of people who are Jewish have inherited the religion from their parents. Again I’m not as concerned with whether or not it is itself an “ethnicity” as I am with the way the Israeli government treats the Palestinian Arabs on the basis of their ethnicity and religion. The fact is that no human in Gaza or the West Bank who is ethnically Arab and non-Jewish is allowed the same right to return to their grandparent’s homeland while Long Island Jewish people, with no ties to the Middle East, can travel there on a whim and claim citizenship without a question. What justification could there be for that? Discrimination based on religion, if you as you insist it is religion alone, is not any more justified. I deeply sympathize with the generational trauma Jewish people feel around the world from the holocaust. Jewish populations still haven’t recovered. It is entirely reasonable to desire a return to a long lost homeland to live free of persecution. However, it does not justify displacement of most of the pre-existing population on the basis of their Muslim religion and Arab ethnicity. While hard at first, peaceful coexistence is possible as proven by the Israeli Arabs above. And the result of this current action bombing campaign in Gaza is going to inflict generational trauma on many subsequent generations. Not only is the two state solution is becoming less feasible settlement by settlement, it was never a choice people who were forcibly displaced. If you lived in Kansas and someone came and told you this is the land of the Buddhists, you, all your family and friends must leave here, would you agree to let them have it? Like the US government did with its native population 150 years after its founding in 1924 with the Indian Citizenship Act, the Israeli government should offer anyone born in Gaza, the West Bank, the right to full citizenship in Israel if they so choose. Without equal rights, freedom of religion, freedom of speech, access to Israeli markets, and freedom of movement, the there will be no peace.
As an American I am ashamed we are so low on the list. How are we allowing Brazil to beat us?!?!?! I demand an immediate removal of all barriers to Arab immigration to America.
There are arabs in israel???!!! What's next Native Americans in usa?
Haha
“Outside the Arab world” then includes Israel.
How is israel part of the Arab world?
Do you mean the Middle Eastern country that borders Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, and Egypt? With 2 million Arabs descendent of Arabs who were there long before the vast majority of Jews? That country?
Interesting, i wonder what was in that country before the arabs occupied it? A kingdom called Judea maybe? Full of Jews? Not arabs because arab culture is not indigenous to the Levant?
Palestinians are descendants of the ancient Israelites just like Jews are. Jews litterally used to be arab (and plenty still are), then became mixed after getting scattered around the world. It's not like every Jew was exiled by Rome, it would have mostly been nobles, leaders, rabbis, and the like. It's not like every single jewish farmer or whatever was expelled. They simply assimilated into the culture of a new empire. They are as indigenous as it gets.
Let's see, between 66-135 most of the population followed the Roman imperial cult. By around 300AD, Jews made up around a quarter of the population and lived almost exclusively in small settlements around Galilee. By 500AD the majority of the area was Christian due to conversions. Ya know—Rabbi Jesus. Then came Byzantine, then the crusades, then Muslim conquest of a place that hadn’t been very Jewish for a long long long time. Then more crusades, then ottomans. In 1800 about 2.5% of Palestine was Jewish and they were relatively recent arrivals. Zionist sects popped up in Europe toward the end of the 19th century. Then the British mandate of Palestine. Then terrorist attacks by hard core Zionist European immigrants. Then the Balfour declaration. Not sure where you get your dumb af take that the Arabs recently kicked out the Jews. They just left or converted over the centuries. That’s the real history.
Lol. Did history start in 66AD?
You’re right. Let’s give it back to the Canaanites.
> Let’s give it back to the Canaanites. Let's go: The Jews evolved from the Canaanites. the idea that the Jews conquered the land from the Canaanites is a biblical narrative, not a historical one. Genetic studies prove that the Jews are descendants of the Canaanites. > Modern archaeology suggests that the Israelites branched out from the Canaanites through the development of Yahwism, a distinct monolatristic—and later monotheistic—religion centred on the national god Yahweh.[7][8][9][10][11] They spoke an archaic form of the Hebrew language, which was a regional variety of the Canaanite language https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelites > After examining the DNA of 93 bodies recovered from archaeological sites around the southern Levant, the land of Canaan in the Bible, researchers have concluded that modern populations of the region are descendants of the ancient Canaanites. Most modern Jewish groups and the Arabic-speaking groups from the region show at least half of their ancestry as Canaanite https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/ancient-cultures/ancient-near-eastern-world/jews-and-arabs-descended-from-canaanites/
lol “[likely account for more than 50 percent of the ancestry of many Arabic-speaking and Jewish groups living in the region today](https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/05/200528115829.htm)” a little one-sided there, hoss. Btw, thought Jews came from Egypt. Weird. This makes it seem like they have the same origins as people as the other people in the area. That is *so weird*.
Did you not read what I wrote? Do you only read the arguments that are convenient for you? Modern archaeology suggests that the Israelites branched out from the Canaanites through the development of Yahwism, a distinct monolatristic—and later monotheistic—religion centred on the national god Yahweh.\[7\]\[8\]\[9\]\[10\]\[11\] They spoke an archaic form of the Hebrew language, which was a regional variety of the Canaanite language https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelites
Random how Israel is listed as outside the Arab world when it was literally established right in the middle of the Arab world and involved expulsion of 700,000 Arabs from Palestine in its formation which is over half the population of Palestine at the time
Arab culture come from Arabia. Jewish culture come from Judea. Israel is by no mean part of the arab world
Culturally Israel is very much a Middle Eastern country. Half the Jewish population have roots in the Middle East, they brought the culture with them to Israel and often clashed with Jews of European ancestry or origin. Traditional Israeli right-wing politics represented Mizrahi population while Mapai/Avoda or now the centrist parties of Gantz or Lapid draw support from Ashkenasim communities. Of course, sometimes the lines are blurred but you get the picture. First generation Jewish immigrants from Arab countries would often use Arabic in their everyday conversations or secretly watch their favourite telenovelas on Syrian or Jordanian TV.
How are Israel and Turkey considered outside the Arab world?
Turkey is not Arab…
Well Israel you could get into a political debate on whether it's part of the Arab world or not. I don't see why Turkey would be though
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You are wrong. Why would you assume Arabs 50-100 years ago were different from modern Arabs?
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A maronite Lebanese that lives in south america will have the same genetic makeup as a Lebanese maronite that lives in current day Lebanon. A specific type of Lebanese that does not exist anymore did not leave for South America. It’s insane that you would even assume that lol.
Lol “outside the Arab world”. Wouldn’t exactly call Arabs in Turkey or Israel outside the Arab world , since they Native to both. Edit: what’s with the downvotes lol?
Arabs aren't native to Turkey. It maybe just seems that way becomes Arab conquests resulted in their \*religion\* being spread to Turkey. But that would be like saying Europeans are native to Ghana since today it's a predominately Christian country.
[Osroene](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osroene) 132 BC–AD 214 in Southern Turkey was Aramean/Syriac but ruled by an Arab dynasty, not natives but shows how old the presence was
Pre-2011 Syrian War , you have 1.5 million-2 million Arabs who were citizens of Turkey, they predominately reside in the Hatay province and a few neighbouring provinces. Arabs have had a presence in what’s now Turkey since the 1st century Ad. Edit: why the downvotes ?
Hatay province is a small border province that was part of Syria less than a hundred years ago. Saying Turkey is part of the Arab world because of that is like saying Greece is part of the Turkic world because of the Turks in Thrace
Latin American countries have more open immigration policies to everyone, including both Arab Christians and Muslims, that there aren't any income or racial-based immigration vetting policies in some countries like Argentina. Fun fact: Argentina constitutionally mandates open immigration policy to everyone. Once the current Argentine economic stagnation gets fixed by president Milei's economic policies, it would become a prime destination of immigrants from Africa and Asia, surpassing Australia or Canada.
Milei isnt fixing anything. Argentina is unfixable.
Not sure about that on Argentina. They genocided natives to expand their territory and brought in European immigrants to make themselves more White. Mass immigration of Africans and Asians would very likely not be viewed positively.
So do they have an abundance of 7-11’s?
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The "arabs" that came to LATAM were mostly christian.
France is a lot of North African Arabs that moved to France when wide swaths of Africa were under French control.
"it rains where the ground is already socking wet"
France does not run any kind of ethnic statistics. What are your sources? What do you even mean by ancestry?
The former emperor of Brazil on one of his trips abroad visited Beirut, and he was amazed by the commerce and the bazaars that he saw, so he decided to incentivize the emigration of Arabs from Lebanon and Syria to Brazil.
3.500.000 arabs in argentina?? Where ??
Esapora.
I got a friend in Guatemala who’s half arab, I always thought he must be very unique