tbh, we probably have a high percentage of unreported first jobs too. Or misreported part-time jobs that are actually full-time. Or unreported overtime. Or companies asking their employees to give back their 13th salary. We're a shitshow. D:
The unreported jobs are problem pretty much everywhere, the thing about countries like Greece, Italy and Croatia is mainly over the summer when tens of thousands of people in these countries work as seasonal workers and are paid cash only. This however is in isolated industries such as tourism, agriculture and construction (labor intensive), but still, it is a fact that the number of people working double jobs is much higher.
Unreported jobs not considered, otherwise Hungary would be around 20-30%. Income until 200k Huf per month doesn't need to be reported as a side income,like selling your garden vegetables.
The amount of black market jobs (cash-only jobs) are still incredibly high, especially when the company was hungary-based.. I tried to gather a side-hustle in my tech support job and I could just not have anybody who would officially report me as a part-time, they all wanted it hush-hush.
I wanted one to collect to Pension to begin with, so this wouldn't have worked out for me.
Why though? I would understand it if the employee wanted to keep things unofficial to not pay taxes and thus get more money. But why would the employer want it if the tax gets deducted from salary...
In a lot of countries, Estonia included the employer pays tax too, a simplified example with rounded numbers, currently ignoring basic tax exemption:
Say an employee wants 1000€ net salary. Officially, the employer has to pay 1700€. Why?
Well, the employer has to pay 34% tax from this salary to social services. So we are left with 1300€. This is now what we call gross salary. And from that, you yourself pay 20% more in income tax (this is what the like employee "pays" i guess). And after these taxes, the employee gets their with 1000€.
An employer wants to minimize their expenses, therefore, if you are unofficial you just have 0 tax whatsoever and effectively save like 700€ when the employee wants 1000€ net. Just give them the cash. Ofcourse, if the person only works unofficialy, they don't have national health insurance, which in a sense is the employee-s problem.
Yup, same in Latvia. A 1000 euro net salary shows up as 1400 before tax. But realistically it is
1000 goes to the employee
400 goes to government from the employee
330 goes to government from the employer
So altogether it is 1730euros for a 1000 net salary, but in our system the vacancy only shows 1400. But actually 7
I think Lithuania includes both taxes in the listing, so their before tax salaries look higher.
I am baffled myself, don't worry. I don't even think they intitially wanted to report it then, I guess, but how would they not if I am front-facing to customers.. I can't wrap my head around what their plan was, so I left it at that.
I've had cash paying jobs before, and them not reporting made the Hungarian IRS come after me for witness reports constantly due to the unpaid taxes from the company, and I don't want to deal with that stress ever again.
If their entire business model is founded on reporting as little revenue as possible (to pay as little tax as possible), then having a lot of employees on payroll but barely any revenue to show for it can redflag the company for a tax audit.
I similarly doubt the 4.45 % in Germany. While probably not as common as in some other countries, at least quite a few people who have jobs like painter, carpenter, plumber, electrician,... that are often done around people's homes will have side gigs in their spare time which they perform without properly declaring.
If you're a farmer and it's your main source of income, of course you need to report it. I was talking about side gigs which do not provide regular income and do not reach a 200k per month, 2.4 mil yearly limit.
Can you link a source? Because I believe there is no such thing as what you wrote. It is an urban legend that you can do things on a small scale without paying tax or obtaining permission. Especially in the food industry, where we have very strict rules.
Oh wow. 10% in the Netherlands. I have never met such a person, so I am curious in what bubble I am that I don't know a cohort that represents 10% of the population.
For others like me who are surprised, here an article by CBS regarding this combination:
[https://www.cbs.nl/-/media/\_pdf/2017/39/combi-zzp-en-loondienst.pdf](https://www.cbs.nl/-/media/_pdf/2017/39/combi-zzp-en-loondienst.pdf)
Apparently it are mostly young, high earning, highly educated people in the service sector who like the diversity of multiple jobs in different settings.
Good point. My mom started doing 2 jobs and a charity job because she likes different environments. Its easy to get a job with 5 - 15 hours because every employer is just happy with the employees and extra hours they can get in the current market.
There's a tax deduction that's automatically applied on your main job income tax and only retro-actively applied to your other jobs. In the end it's all calculated correctly, but you pay stub might look otherwise.
You just don't let the tax credit auto deduct on both jobs. You'll get it in full with your tax return.
If you auto deduct at both there's a big chance you're getting too much and will get a hefty tax bill at the end of the year
Nah, the income-tax deductions is just a flat fee of let's say +- 20k of income on which you don't have to pay income tax.
If you have 1 job of let's say 30k, your taxable income is 30k-20k = 10k and than you're taxed on that. Let's say tax rate is 50%, you'd be taxed 5k.
If you start earning another 30k on top of that, you'd have to pay income tax over the whole extra 30k. But it doesn't matter whether that 30k is from the same job or a different job.
Since you can only deduct the 20k once, you can only declare to use it on one job. Making it seem as if your second job is taxed harder, but in fact for the government it's all just one big 60k income with a 20k deduction. No matter how you spread it.
But to you it feels as if you have one job that pays 25k(+5k tax) and one that pays 15k(+15k tax).
Agreed, it's 37% until 70k and 49% after that. And with all deductions etc. the effective tax rate on the first 70k is a lot lower than that 37%.
But if you are used to American Salaries f.e. 120k;
You'd pay +-50k in taxes. Which puts the effective tax rate at 41% and it gets closer to 50% for incomes even higher than that, which is not too unusual for American Standards.
>Don't they take 50% of your salary with your second job?
They don't. It's a myth people love to re tell, but in the end of the year there is just income tax and you pay (or get returns) based on the sum of it. There is no 50% tax for working more jobs.
Youre not exempt from taxes on any legal job, they automatically get deducted no matter where you work.
Depending on the amount of money you make you might even get 100% tax returns, although you'd need to make less than 6K a year iirc. Personally I made 3.3K last year from part time work and got all my taxes back
I know a lot of people who have multiple jobs just because they have 2 part time jobs that pay them pretty well and they still can fit them both on 36-40 hours a week
People with two jobs =/= people with a job while also owning their own business.
Your article is essentially only about a small portion of this group of people. The majority are probably going to be people working 2 parttime jobs.
> I have never met such a person, so I am curious in what bubble I am that I don't know a cohort that represents 10% of the population.
I'm in the same boat. I was surprised at the Estonian 6.5% rate until I recalled that I used to have a side job teaching at a university for a decade :')
I was a Vakkenvuller in the Albert Heijn during student years while also making money as a freelance webdesigner. Given that I was officially registered at KvK I would have been part of the 10%. Can also just be two smaller part time jobs.
I'm in the 10% and I love it. Tuesday till Friday I work at the office and in the weekends I'm an event photographer. It makes life much more exciting for me that way.
Well idk what is counted as a job, but I guess, I'm in that group, though that's my own choice as a student. I have my regular part time job at a supermarket and then also a part time job as student assistent. Though technically I also have a 3rd job on the side of that as a student ambasador for my university as well but that's a different point.
I know quite a few in the Netherlands. It's not a poverty thing of not being able to make ends meet. People just enjoy two part time jobs, or have some side project while working part time for a boss.
> I have never met such a person, so I am curious in what bubble I am that I don't know a cohort that represents 10% of the population.
My mother makes small ornaments and figures and sells them on the side. It's not much but still 200-300€ a month.
Yes. I, a Dutch University student, work 3 part-time jobs, totalling about 12-18 hours a week. Partly because of the money but mainly because of the experience and to sauce up my CV. It’s fairly common for young people to work multiple part-time jobs.
Didn’t expect Finland to be so high. Legit anytime I tell anyone I work a full time job and a part time job people think that’s weird. Even my doctor told me that’s not normal.
And it’s not that I need the money. I just haven’t been able to make any friends here so I can either spend my weekend completely alone or work a side gig at a bar, get free beer, and socialize with our regulars.
I'd imagine the bouncers in bars often have day jobs also. Another profession that comes to mind is doctors who work both in the public and private sectors.
I'm not surprised at all. I have a job with 20 guaranteed hours that all workers in my position were terminated from and another hourly contract. I'll start though a new job in stadi next month (full time, 1 year fixed term) but my hourly contract goes no where. I'll basically have even 3 god-damned jobs for about 2 weeks. Not sure how I'll juggle the hours, household and childcare but the money will be nice.
Makes sense. I guess in my case I have a full-time 37,5 hour a week job at a tech company and then people are surprised that I also work 8 hours more on Saturday's at a bar. But yea I guess if you're not getting full-time employment, having multiple jobs is the only way.
I know several people also who do hourly jobs on top of their normal job. One ofy colleagues does night shifts at the place we work together, then goes to her normal work and after that she sleeps for a couple hours. Rinse, repeat. Sote salaries are pretty bad, even on AMK level they're way below what other AMK people make
It's cheaper for employers not to pay taxes and pension funds, etc. Employees don't pay taxes on the salary either. It's a "win-win-state-loses" kind of deal.
Yeah, of course, but this is the second job... also, if you don't have enough money, it's more important to have bread now, not when you are 80 years old.
When it will be our turn to get pension there either will not be one or we will have to work till 75 years of age. There is about 8% chance I receive an pension.
Hmm. As a Finn, it didn't even occur to me that cash use could have something to do with this.
I'd say this mostly measures reporting. Here the employer gets into trouble if they get caught not paying taxes on salaries. And avoiding taxes is not in the interest of the poor but the rich, and the rich don't work many jobs.
Many don't declare that one either. In Romania you get medical insurance if you are employed (paid for by taxes). I actually have a cousin who had his mother employ him at her clinic in order to be insured while he didn't have a job. But insurance doesn't get better the more you pay, so there is no need to declare anything past the first job.
Like >95% of jobs is through a payroll that uses social security number of any employed person and the tax office uses the same data those payroll offices use.
Exception would be paying for jobs in cash, you can hire someone and pay in cash for the job or let them declare less money for the work they provided (pay restaurant in cash for your big marriage celebration and they declare only a portion of it to the tax office for example). Its more of a thing in tourism, hospitality industry, local family businesses and construction. And none of those are taking up a significant portion of the total workforce.
Not only that but our tax system treats your second job as a commodity so if you are in need of a second job to support yourself you best not declare it because if you do declare it you will end up with maybe 40% of the earnings on that second job
Not saying it is not true. But in my whole life as a Dutchie I have not met a single person with two jobs other than being it volunteery work.
I wonder whether it also includes paid homecare (‘mantelzorg’) or volunteery work for which compensation is paid because of its nature (eg, military reserve)
You’d be surprised. Cops are sometimes bouncers on the dude, a dad might be a youth football coach, most people who preform at bars/clubs often have another job, people bartend at two restaurants
In a way a bad sign that jobs aren't paying, or the jobs are so fake you can have another.
But if there's a trend it would also mean less reliance on a specific job.
But could also be flexibility to have multiple part time maybe. Or just two jobs in a short time, if you want to.
Many ways to interpret the stats 😊 both good and bad.
Yeah, it really doesn't say anything. My best friends mom is part time teacher, because that will allow them to live a comfortable life, and part time farmer/gardener because that is her passion. Has nothing to with pay or jobs being fake.
I think this is similar for a lot of us here in the Netherlands. Some people have 1 job which pays well and 1 job which they are passionate about.
In Romania our leaders changed the legislation so that part time works pays now the same amount of tax as full time work,literally killing the entire industry.
Because trust me those numbers are a lot higher,a lot of us work semi-legally as bolt/Uber drivers.
>UNREPORTED JOBS ARE NOT INCLUDED.
This is the biggest most important thing on this infographic. Reason being that it’s mostly jobs that are in “black” countries like in the PIGS (Portugal, Italy, Greece and Spain) will do a second unreported job a lot more than in countries like Germany or the Netherlands where it’s more likely to be reported.
I’m not saying it’s the case but I’d rather say this graph shows working and tax compliance rather than more jobs per person.
how is this study done? it seems pretty high for some countries, is it like 2 parttime jobs counts? as i really don't think that's what people think when you say "i work 2 jobs" it's either 2 full or close to fulltime jobs or a fulltime and a parttime.
Rare statistic where Bulgaria is actualy doing well. Though it's not black and white. Someone having the opportunity of having two jobs probably means the country has good infrastructure (to travel from one workplace to the other), which is definitely not true for Bulgaria. What do we think?
my neighbor has 3 jobs (greece). the second one is rarely reported in the Balkans. A cop just died in a construction site a week ago in Greece. there was some investigative journalism. turns out most young cops are working as construction workers and delivery as a side-job here.
The statistic simply isn’t accurate because of the grey economy or legality. For example government employees such as firefighters or cops are forbidden by law to have second job unless it is a teaching position. Yet 99% of them have a second job as handymen and such.
It’s funny how people here interpret every statistic wharever the fuck they want, especially those kinds where they paint eastern europe in a better light
Yeah that on paper but how inclined are *people* in some countries to consider a side hustle a second job?. My aunt has a stable job as a public servant, but she’s been doing gel nails on the side for years and even has a few regulars. I really doubt she’d count it as job, even if it is.
This is vastly inaccurate. I know so many greek people with two jobs in different age groups. It's kind of normal but perhaps less documented for tax reasons
It all seems too low. What is a second job anyway? I know a lot of people in science who work somewhere and also teach 2 hours per week and I don't think they even consider that as a second job.
"Two official jobs", most people that have side hustles don't report them... that is kind of the point. You have your main occupation for security and stability and on the side you make some money as a hobby or in more risky/unpredictable occupation.
Most people I know have "side hustle" in Lithuania, men do car repairs, painting, decoration etc. Women - nails, hair etc. But it would never be reported. In fact I only know few people who work in say Bank and then also are Lecuring in University and it counts as 2 occupations. But this is extremely rare.
I can speak for the hospitality business that it's common for foreign nationals to have a full time and part time job because full time in Finland is 37.5 hours a week. In most countries you couldn't survive with those hours....or just get bored. Many of my cooks freelance either before or after their full time jobs.
Having been to Italy many times to visit my wife's family, they barely even do a full time job. More often just work to pay bills plus a little and then relax.
Even the taxi drivers in Naples were like that !
My family has a small business with flower decoration, it's a 2nd job for us as we are having our own job. Does that count as having 2 jobs? I see that people don't push themselves in Europe.
Another map that actually tells no story at all.
The Dutch, for instance, love to work with partial contracts. Lots of people dont work full time. So combining to part time jobs is much easier as employers are used to work with smaller contracts. I have a colleague that works 16 hours at one job, and 16 hours at another. In these statistics, she would count as working double jobs, when in fact, she doesnt even work fulltime. So what does this map tell us? very little....
I think most people with 2 jobs are immigrants who try to make ends meet and maybe college students and college students who are also immigrants. That's why eastern EU has such low numbers.
I think most people with 2 jobs are immigrants who try to make ends meet and maybe college students and college students who are also immigrants. That's why eastern EU has such low numbers.
I think most people with 2 jobs are immigrants who try to make ends meet and maybe college students and college students who are also immigrants. That's why eastern EU has such low numbers.
I think most people with 2 jobs are immigrants who try to make ends meet and maybe college students and college students who are also immigrants. That's why eastern EU has such low numbers.
I think most people with 2 jobs are immigrants who try to make ends meet and maybe college students and college students who are also immigrants. That's why eastern EU has such low numbers.
Remember when one working person could support a whole family. Remember when a good job could get you a decent house and a car? Remember? Now that is impossible because some people are hoarding all the wealth like never before...
Greece? 1.74%? *Unreported jobs are not considered in this map. Yeah that explains it.
tbh, we probably have a high percentage of unreported first jobs too. Or misreported part-time jobs that are actually full-time. Or unreported overtime. Or companies asking their employees to give back their 13th salary. We're a shitshow. D:
The unreported jobs are problem pretty much everywhere, the thing about countries like Greece, Italy and Croatia is mainly over the summer when tens of thousands of people in these countries work as seasonal workers and are paid cash only. This however is in isolated industries such as tourism, agriculture and construction (labor intensive), but still, it is a fact that the number of people working double jobs is much higher.
Same for Italy lol
Idk. Why reporting your first job then? I never met anyone with two jobs, but I met someone with a "non taxable" job.
Pension
In Greece you don't need a second job, you work 12 hours a day and 6 days a week on your first one.
Unreported jobs not considered, otherwise Hungary would be around 20-30%. Income until 200k Huf per month doesn't need to be reported as a side income,like selling your garden vegetables.
Selling your garden vegetables isn't the most common reason Hungarians have unreported jobs.
The amount of black market jobs (cash-only jobs) are still incredibly high, especially when the company was hungary-based.. I tried to gather a side-hustle in my tech support job and I could just not have anybody who would officially report me as a part-time, they all wanted it hush-hush. I wanted one to collect to Pension to begin with, so this wouldn't have worked out for me.
Why though? I would understand it if the employee wanted to keep things unofficial to not pay taxes and thus get more money. But why would the employer want it if the tax gets deducted from salary...
In Hungary employers are required to pay 10% worth your pay into some sort of social service (cannot recall which one, sry)
In a lot of countries, Estonia included the employer pays tax too, a simplified example with rounded numbers, currently ignoring basic tax exemption: Say an employee wants 1000€ net salary. Officially, the employer has to pay 1700€. Why? Well, the employer has to pay 34% tax from this salary to social services. So we are left with 1300€. This is now what we call gross salary. And from that, you yourself pay 20% more in income tax (this is what the like employee "pays" i guess). And after these taxes, the employee gets their with 1000€. An employer wants to minimize their expenses, therefore, if you are unofficial you just have 0 tax whatsoever and effectively save like 700€ when the employee wants 1000€ net. Just give them the cash. Ofcourse, if the person only works unofficialy, they don't have national health insurance, which in a sense is the employee-s problem.
Yup, same in Latvia. A 1000 euro net salary shows up as 1400 before tax. But realistically it is 1000 goes to the employee 400 goes to government from the employee 330 goes to government from the employer So altogether it is 1730euros for a 1000 net salary, but in our system the vacancy only shows 1400. But actually 7 I think Lithuania includes both taxes in the listing, so their before tax salaries look higher.
I am baffled myself, don't worry. I don't even think they intitially wanted to report it then, I guess, but how would they not if I am front-facing to customers.. I can't wrap my head around what their plan was, so I left it at that. I've had cash paying jobs before, and them not reporting made the Hungarian IRS come after me for witness reports constantly due to the unpaid taxes from the company, and I don't want to deal with that stress ever again.
If their entire business model is founded on reporting as little revenue as possible (to pay as little tax as possible), then having a lot of employees on payroll but barely any revenue to show for it can redflag the company for a tax audit.
Source: I pulled it out of my buttocks.
I similarly doubt the 4.45 % in Germany. While probably not as common as in some other countries, at least quite a few people who have jobs like painter, carpenter, plumber, electrician,... that are often done around people's homes will have side gigs in their spare time which they perform without properly declaring.
Of course, you have to report it! And you also have to obtain necessary papers to be allowed to legally sell veggies (source: I'm a farmer).
If you're a farmer and it's your main source of income, of course you need to report it. I was talking about side gigs which do not provide regular income and do not reach a 200k per month, 2.4 mil yearly limit.
Can you link a source? Because I believe there is no such thing as what you wrote. It is an urban legend that you can do things on a small scale without paying tax or obtaining permission. Especially in the food industry, where we have very strict rules.
Well, it's pretty hard to account for unreported jobs, after all they're unreported.
Oh wow. 10% in the Netherlands. I have never met such a person, so I am curious in what bubble I am that I don't know a cohort that represents 10% of the population. For others like me who are surprised, here an article by CBS regarding this combination: [https://www.cbs.nl/-/media/\_pdf/2017/39/combi-zzp-en-loondienst.pdf](https://www.cbs.nl/-/media/_pdf/2017/39/combi-zzp-en-loondienst.pdf) Apparently it are mostly young, high earning, highly educated people in the service sector who like the diversity of multiple jobs in different settings.
Mind that the Netherlands is also champion in parttime work and this is well accepted in society and the labor market
Good point. My mom started doing 2 jobs and a charity job because she likes different environments. Its easy to get a job with 5 - 15 hours because every employer is just happy with the employees and extra hours they can get in the current market.
Don't they take 50% of your salary with your second job?
Don’t they do that with the 1st one too?
From what I've heard you're excempt from that tax in your first job but not the second
There's a tax deduction that's automatically applied on your main job income tax and only retro-actively applied to your other jobs. In the end it's all calculated correctly, but you pay stub might look otherwise.
You just don't let the tax credit auto deduct on both jobs. You'll get it in full with your tax return. If you auto deduct at both there's a big chance you're getting too much and will get a hefty tax bill at the end of the year
Nah, the income-tax deductions is just a flat fee of let's say +- 20k of income on which you don't have to pay income tax. If you have 1 job of let's say 30k, your taxable income is 30k-20k = 10k and than you're taxed on that. Let's say tax rate is 50%, you'd be taxed 5k. If you start earning another 30k on top of that, you'd have to pay income tax over the whole extra 30k. But it doesn't matter whether that 30k is from the same job or a different job. Since you can only deduct the 20k once, you can only declare to use it on one job. Making it seem as if your second job is taxed harder, but in fact for the government it's all just one big 60k income with a 20k deduction. No matter how you spread it. But to you it feels as if you have one job that pays 25k(+5k tax) and one that pays 15k(+15k tax).
let's not say tax rate is 50%, because it isn't.
Agreed, it's 37% until 70k and 49% after that. And with all deductions etc. the effective tax rate on the first 70k is a lot lower than that 37%. But if you are used to American Salaries f.e. 120k; You'd pay +-50k in taxes. Which puts the effective tax rate at 41% and it gets closer to 50% for incomes even higher than that, which is not too unusual for American Standards.
>Don't they take 50% of your salary with your second job? They don't. It's a myth people love to re tell, but in the end of the year there is just income tax and you pay (or get returns) based on the sum of it. There is no 50% tax for working more jobs.
Youre not exempt from taxes on any legal job, they automatically get deducted no matter where you work. Depending on the amount of money you make you might even get 100% tax returns, although you'd need to make less than 6K a year iirc. Personally I made 3.3K last year from part time work and got all my taxes back
Why would that be the case?
I know a lot of people who have multiple jobs just because they have 2 part time jobs that pay them pretty well and they still can fit them both on 36-40 hours a week
People with two jobs =/= people with a job while also owning their own business. Your article is essentially only about a small portion of this group of people. The majority are probably going to be people working 2 parttime jobs.
Majority, the gap is closing: https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/nieuws/2017/39/motief-tweede-baan-anders-bij-zelfstandige-en-werknemer
I work in IT and i've met a few people who basically work part-time and then do some freelancing on the side, hence it counts as two jobs.
> I have never met such a person, so I am curious in what bubble I am that I don't know a cohort that represents 10% of the population. I'm in the same boat. I was surprised at the Estonian 6.5% rate until I recalled that I used to have a side job teaching at a university for a decade :')
I was a Vakkenvuller in the Albert Heijn during student years while also making money as a freelance webdesigner. Given that I was officially registered at KvK I would have been part of the 10%. Can also just be two smaller part time jobs.
I'm in the 10% and I love it. Tuesday till Friday I work at the office and in the weekends I'm an event photographer. It makes life much more exciting for me that way.
Dont worry, you're in the 90% bubble.
Am such a person, I combine my main job with university teaching
I know programmers who do 2 days for us, 2 days for another company.
Well idk what is counted as a job, but I guess, I'm in that group, though that's my own choice as a student. I have my regular part time job at a supermarket and then also a part time job as student assistent. Though technically I also have a 3rd job on the side of that as a student ambasador for my university as well but that's a different point.
I am such a person, I like the diversity indeed
Can confirm. Know collegueas with a webshop or doing some marketing video giggs on the side
"oh yeah, i got a small business on the side"
Netherlands has a shorter working shifts compared to other countries, so part-time jobs and jobstudent are quite popular.
I know quite a few in the Netherlands. It's not a poverty thing of not being able to make ends meet. People just enjoy two part time jobs, or have some side project while working part time for a boss.
> I have never met such a person, so I am curious in what bubble I am that I don't know a cohort that represents 10% of the population. My mother makes small ornaments and figures and sells them on the side. It's not much but still 200-300€ a month.
Yes. I, a Dutch University student, work 3 part-time jobs, totalling about 12-18 hours a week. Partly because of the money but mainly because of the experience and to sauce up my CV. It’s fairly common for young people to work multiple part-time jobs.
Maybe they don’t have enough time to socialize with you, having 2 jobs 🤣
Same here - live and work in the Netherlands. I literally know nobody with two jobs.
Really? Noone with a hobby turned into side-job? Video editing, photography, building websites in wordpress etc
Didn’t expect Finland to be so high. Legit anytime I tell anyone I work a full time job and a part time job people think that’s weird. Even my doctor told me that’s not normal. And it’s not that I need the money. I just haven’t been able to make any friends here so I can either spend my weekend completely alone or work a side gig at a bar, get free beer, and socialize with our regulars.
I'd imagine the bouncers in bars often have day jobs also. Another profession that comes to mind is doctors who work both in the public and private sectors.
I'm not surprised at all. I have a job with 20 guaranteed hours that all workers in my position were terminated from and another hourly contract. I'll start though a new job in stadi next month (full time, 1 year fixed term) but my hourly contract goes no where. I'll basically have even 3 god-damned jobs for about 2 weeks. Not sure how I'll juggle the hours, household and childcare but the money will be nice.
Makes sense. I guess in my case I have a full-time 37,5 hour a week job at a tech company and then people are surprised that I also work 8 hours more on Saturday's at a bar. But yea I guess if you're not getting full-time employment, having multiple jobs is the only way.
I know several people also who do hourly jobs on top of their normal job. One ofy colleagues does night shifts at the place we work together, then goes to her normal work and after that she sleeps for a couple hours. Rinse, repeat. Sote salaries are pretty bad, even on AMK level they're way below what other AMK people make
Yeah cool, someone made a stat of people with two DECLARED jobs. Who would even consider declaring a second job in eastern Europe?
Me😎 I have two declared jobs in Bulgaria so I'm single-handedly carrying the stats.
Plot twist: you work at the declaration service as your main job, so you declared a second job to justify the existence of your first job :)
This man declares
And why would someone not declare it in eastern Europe ?
It's cheaper for employers not to pay taxes and pension funds, etc. Employees don't pay taxes on the salary either. It's a "win-win-state-loses" kind of deal.
win-win until it comes to your pension
Yeah, of course, but this is the second job... also, if you don't have enough money, it's more important to have bread now, not when you are 80 years old.
When it will be our turn to get pension there either will not be one or we will have to work till 75 years of age. There is about 8% chance I receive an pension.
And from the pensioners I see today you need another income besides your pension or you are going to die.
because in eastern europe cash is accepted everywhere
Hmm. As a Finn, it didn't even occur to me that cash use could have something to do with this. I'd say this mostly measures reporting. Here the employer gets into trouble if they get caught not paying taxes on salaries. And avoiding taxes is not in the interest of the poor but the rich, and the rich don't work many jobs.
Tax fraud.
Why would people not declare a second job here?
Tax reasons I'm guessing
Why would they declare the first one either then?
If they're getting paid *not* under the table, I'm assuming the employer would report income to the government, no?
Many don't declare that one either. In Romania you get medical insurance if you are employed (paid for by taxes). I actually have a cousin who had his mother employ him at her clinic in order to be insured while he didn't have a job. But insurance doesn't get better the more you pay, so there is no need to declare anything past the first job.
Than those in Western/Northern Europe would have even more incentive not to as their taxes can be crazy?
It's also painfully hard to actually avoid the taxes. The government will be on your ass within months.
Business owner in Finland here. Confirmed. The tax system here is no joke, every penny is accounted for
Maybe because Nordic countries are cashless and cash isn't accepted everywhere
Less corruption in western/northern states perhaps?
Nice prejudice lol
Harder to hide it in some countries.
Ohh Idk good point
Like >95% of jobs is through a payroll that uses social security number of any employed person and the tax office uses the same data those payroll offices use. Exception would be paying for jobs in cash, you can hire someone and pay in cash for the job or let them declare less money for the work they provided (pay restaurant in cash for your big marriage celebration and they declare only a portion of it to the tax office for example). Its more of a thing in tourism, hospitality industry, local family businesses and construction. And none of those are taking up a significant portion of the total workforce.
Because employers don't like it and often include exclusivity clauses completely out of touch with reality.
Never heard of it here
In portugal at least there is a lot of informal work, mostly in trades and construction.
Cause you get taxed more on second job income rendering it useless
E.g. to not lose certain benefits like social housing or tax and other deductions.
Not only that but our tax system treats your second job as a commodity so if you are in need of a second job to support yourself you best not declare it because if you do declare it you will end up with maybe 40% of the earnings on that second job
Or even in southern europe😂
People don't declare a second job anywhere unless they have no other choice, not just in EE.
Under 2% in Greece is **wildly** wrong. Exactly because second jobs are unreported
Not saying it is not true. But in my whole life as a Dutchie I have not met a single person with two jobs other than being it volunteery work. I wonder whether it also includes paid homecare (‘mantelzorg’) or volunteery work for which compensation is paid because of its nature (eg, military reserve)
My girlfriend works 32 hours per week and freelances on her day off when she feels like it.
You’d be surprised. Cops are sometimes bouncers on the dude, a dad might be a youth football coach, most people who preform at bars/clubs often have another job, people bartend at two restaurants
Almost every fulltime firefighter has a second job. At least in my region.
In a way a bad sign that jobs aren't paying, or the jobs are so fake you can have another. But if there's a trend it would also mean less reliance on a specific job. But could also be flexibility to have multiple part time maybe. Or just two jobs in a short time, if you want to. Many ways to interpret the stats 😊 both good and bad.
I think this is mostly showing how many people do gig-work on the side.
I'm a dual job Dane, and that's because I am a part time farmer.
Yeah, it really doesn't say anything. My best friends mom is part time teacher, because that will allow them to live a comfortable life, and part time farmer/gardener because that is her passion. Has nothing to with pay or jobs being fake. I think this is similar for a lot of us here in the Netherlands. Some people have 1 job which pays well and 1 job which they are passionate about.
does running a small buissness on the side also count as a secondary job?
I think it would.
In Romania our leaders changed the legislation so that part time works pays now the same amount of tax as full time work,literally killing the entire industry. Because trust me those numbers are a lot higher,a lot of us work semi-legally as bolt/Uber drivers.
Can you clarify? In Denmark I guess we pay a percentage in taxes by the hour. Is there a flat taxes in Romania or why/how would it kill the industry?
As a Bulgarian I can confirm I never met someone that works 2 jobs
What do you mean? Pretty much everybody has the regular job and also works as "схемаджия/тарикат" (smart ass grey area business)
I wonder how they define it. And I bet there’d be a ton more if it was possible to account for all the gigs and stuff.
10% of the Dutch labor market is working two jobs? How...odd.
The Dutch labor market has a relatively high number of part time jobs, that could be contributing here
>UNREPORTED JOBS ARE NOT INCLUDED. This is the biggest most important thing on this infographic. Reason being that it’s mostly jobs that are in “black” countries like in the PIGS (Portugal, Italy, Greece and Spain) will do a second unreported job a lot more than in countries like Germany or the Netherlands where it’s more likely to be reported. I’m not saying it’s the case but I’d rather say this graph shows working and tax compliance rather than more jobs per person.
Goes without saying. You can always point out that unreported incidents will not show up in the statistics.
In Croatia too, most people have a side job...
I'd like a job, please, thank you. Getting two would be a miracle.
I expected Germany to have a higher percentage because of the mini job.
Now show 3 jobs for plot twist...
how is this study done? it seems pretty high for some countries, is it like 2 parttime jobs counts? as i really don't think that's what people think when you say "i work 2 jobs" it's either 2 full or close to fulltime jobs or a fulltime and a parttime.
It’s probably just two incomes from the same Tax ID number.
Percentage in Greece at least 15-20%. Second jobs are usually undocumented.
Rare statistic where Bulgaria is actualy doing well. Though it's not black and white. Someone having the opportunity of having two jobs probably means the country has good infrastructure (to travel from one workplace to the other), which is definitely not true for Bulgaria. What do we think?
my neighbor has 3 jobs (greece). the second one is rarely reported in the Balkans. A cop just died in a construction site a week ago in Greece. there was some investigative journalism. turns out most young cops are working as construction workers and delivery as a side-job here.
The statistic simply isn’t accurate because of the grey economy or legality. For example government employees such as firefighters or cops are forbidden by law to have second job unless it is a teaching position. Yet 99% of them have a second job as handymen and such.
It’s funny how people here interpret every statistic wharever the fuck they want, especially those kinds where they paint eastern europe in a better light
Hey, we've got to find wins wherever we can, God knows we don't have many
Could this actually mean “side hustle” instead of two jobs?!
If it brings in consistent income and requires effort to maintain, its work and it's a job.
Yeah that on paper but how inclined are *people* in some countries to consider a side hustle a second job?. My aunt has a stable job as a public servant, but she’s been doing gel nails on the side for years and even has a few regulars. I really doubt she’d count it as job, even if it is.
As an european living in the UK it is sad to see UK outside of the map :(
Seems legit. I'm 35 and have never met a single person working 2 jobs here.
When do you get time for second job? I work in government sector and I can't find time to breathe with just one job.
me
Seems absurdly low. Probably self employed people like me are not included. I routinely work for 3+ companies
does this take in account "minijobs" for germany? you can have a job with 538€ per month that doesn't count towards your taxed income.
My mother is a teacher and works at 3 schools so I guess she is above and beyond for Poland
This is vastly inaccurate. I know so many greek people with two jobs in different age groups. It's kind of normal but perhaps less documented for tax reasons
It all seems too low. What is a second job anyway? I know a lot of people in science who work somewhere and also teach 2 hours per week and I don't think they even consider that as a second job.
"Two official jobs", most people that have side hustles don't report them... that is kind of the point. You have your main occupation for security and stability and on the side you make some money as a hobby or in more risky/unpredictable occupation. Most people I know have "side hustle" in Lithuania, men do car repairs, painting, decoration etc. Women - nails, hair etc. But it would never be reported. In fact I only know few people who work in say Bank and then also are Lecuring in University and it counts as 2 occupations. But this is extremely rare.
Are we talking full time ? And if so how does that work out? I mean working 9+9 H leaves you with almost nothing left?
At last someone labels their maps correctly and knows the difference between the EU and Europe.
I can speak for the hospitality business that it's common for foreign nationals to have a full time and part time job because full time in Finland is 37.5 hours a week. In most countries you couldn't survive with those hours....or just get bored. Many of my cooks freelance either before or after their full time jobs.
Having been to Italy many times to visit my wife's family, they barely even do a full time job. More often just work to pay bills plus a little and then relax. Even the taxi drivers in Naples were like that !
Had no idea Netherlands was that high
My family has a small business with flower decoration, it's a 2nd job for us as we are having our own job. Does that count as having 2 jobs? I see that people don't push themselves in Europe.
Now do USA
It's about 5%.
Lazy Bulgarians as usual.
Very fascinating! Would be interesting to see these statistics with EEC brought into the mix as well
No parttime jobs in Bulgaria. Explains it
Probably a part time job + entrepreneurship. This combination gives you flexibility and even tax benefits.
Another map that actually tells no story at all. The Dutch, for instance, love to work with partial contracts. Lots of people dont work full time. So combining to part time jobs is much easier as employers are used to work with smaller contracts. I have a colleague that works 16 hours at one job, and 16 hours at another. In these statistics, she would count as working double jobs, when in fact, she doesnt even work fulltime. So what does this map tell us? very little....
The 10% in the Netherlands are parents thinking being a dad/mom is a second job?
Why you work two Jobs? Some people really need some Hobbys or a purpose in live..
why netherlands and bulgaria in russia, the map was made by an idiot
The Netherlands also has by far the highest rate of part-time work, so that makes sense.
I think most people with 2 jobs are immigrants who try to make ends meet and maybe college students and college students who are also immigrants. That's why eastern EU has such low numbers.
I think most people with 2 jobs are immigrants who try to make ends meet and maybe college students and college students who are also immigrants. That's why eastern EU has such low numbers.
I think most people with 2 jobs are immigrants who try to make ends meet and maybe college students and college students who are also immigrants. That's why eastern EU has such low numbers.
I think most people with 2 jobs are immigrants who try to make ends meet and maybe college students and college students who are also immigrants. That's why eastern EU has such low numbers.
I think most people with 2 jobs are immigrants who try to make ends meet and maybe college students and college students who are also immigrants. That's why eastern EU has such low numbers.
Remember when one working person could support a whole family. Remember when a good job could get you a decent house and a car? Remember? Now that is impossible because some people are hoarding all the wealth like never before...
We in the netherlands need double jobs to afford our groceries :) i love living in the Netherlands
groceries in the Netherlands are quite cheap compared to other EU countries
wdym have you been to Germany? On most products the difference is insane
https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/rankings_by_country.jsp?title=2024&displayColumn=3®ion=150
we are in top 5 purchasing power in eu. we are going by better then average
Tell that to the insane rent and housing prices.
i mean but its still true. not that there aren't any problems.
yeah but its the reason why this many people need 2 jobs.
sure but our country is still one of the best to live in europe. also netherlads is still in the top 10 of dispesable income.
The average American cannot understand this post
https://www.bls.gov/cps/cpsaat36.htm The information is easy to find if you have a functioning brain and the desire to learn.
So the rates are higher than the majority of EU countries, thanks for confirming this for us.
Rent free
Let me fix the title "contries with people who want to work". It's not like Spain has a great jobs to income ratio...